The Real Facts Behind Big Tobacco's Documents

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Big Tobacco Documents. Now on the Record

Think some of the stuff we tell you is unbelievable? We don't blame you. It all seems crazy. Check out some actual tobacco industry documents to the right.

Fact 165:

In 1985, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea
of reaching younger adult customers in record stores.

Don't believe us? Check out page 4 of the actual document
from tobacco's library here: http://bit.ly/wM9fMd

See full page for On the Record.

Fact Bin

What we do: list facts for your consumption. How we do it: Research, research, research. Why is this good: Cause we do all the work for you. What you get: Raw facts to tickle your cerebral crevices or for world domination. You decide.

Sort facts by:

1.
In the U.S., about 50,000 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related diseases.

Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1
2.
In the U.S., 30,000 to 60,000 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related heart disease.

Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1
3.
Of current smokers in the U.S., 2,633,000 have chronic bronchitis from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL:http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
4.
In the U.S., 1200 people die every day from tobacco related disease.

In the U.S. 1200 people a day die from tobacco related disease (443,000 / 365 = 1213.70) Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
5.
Of current smokers in the U.S., 358,000 have a cancer other than lung cancer from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
6.
Of current smokers in the U.S., 46,000 have lung cancer from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
7.
Of current smokers in the U.S., 384,000 have had a stroke from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
8.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,872,000 have chronic bronchitis from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
9.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,743,000 have emphysema from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
10.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,755,000 have had a heart attack from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
11.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,154,000 have a cancer other than lung cancer from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
12.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 138,000 have lung cancer from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
13.
Of former smokers in the U.S., 637,000 have had a stroke from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
14.
In the U.S., smoking results in 5.1 million years of potential life lost each year.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5802a2.htm
15.
Smoking causes impaired lung growth during childhood and adolescence.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The 2004 Surgeon General's Report-The Health Consequences of Smoking. Chapter 4. Respiratory Diseases. Page 43, continued on page 47, of PDF. URL:http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter4.pdf
16.
Since 1964, there have been 94,000 tobacco-related fetal and infant deaths in the U.S.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."The Health Consequences of Smoking:The 2004 Surgeon General's Report. What It Means To You." Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 27 of 36. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/whatitmeanstoyou.pdf
17.
Cigarette smokers are 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers.

Source: CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services."2004 Surgeon General's Report-The Health Consequences of Smoking". A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 9 of 326 of PDF. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter2.pdf
18.
In 2000, 49% of middle school students who were regular smokers said they wanted to quit.

Source: Holden DJ, Hund LM, Gable JM, Mowery P. Legacy First Look Report 11. Youth Tobacco Cessation: Results from the 2000 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington dc: American Legacy Foundation. July 2003. Category: Quitting Smoking. Page 7 of 35. URL: http://repositories.cdlib.org/context/tc/article/1207/type/pdf/viewcontent/
19.
One cigarette company biologically engineered tobacco plants to have twice the normal level of nicotine.

Source: Lewan T. Dark Secrets of Tobacco Company Exposed. Tobacco Control, 1997. v.7: 315-319. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1763890/pdf/v007p00315.pdf
20.
Nicotine reaches the brain within 10 seconds after smoke is inhaled.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 6. Page 616. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter6.pdf
21.
Cigarette smoke contains about 4800 chemicals.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages: 175 of 251 in PDF. Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
22.
599 additives are on the composite list released to the government in 1994 by tobacco companies of what may be added to cigarettes. This list includes all ingredients that are used although it does not tell which companies they are used by or which brands they are used in.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page: 175 of 251 in PDF. Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: Title 15, Chapter 36 - Cigarette Labeling and Advertising (1335a. List of cigarette ingredients; annual submission to Secretary; transmittal to Congress; confidentiality. Page: 4 to 5 of 7 in PDF. Source: Federal Trade Commission Access Date: October 24, 2005 URL: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/tobacco/Title15_Ch36.pdf
23.
2-Naphthylamine, 4-Aminobiphenyl, Benzene, Vinyl Chloride, Ethylene Oxide, Arsenic, Beryllium, Nickel, Chromium (only hexavalent), Cadmium, and Polonium-210 are human carcinogens found in tobacco smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 176-180 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
24.
Nicotine is in tobacco smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 178 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
25.
Nicotine is addictive.

Source: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1988. URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/Z/D/segments.html
26.
Ammonia is in tobacco smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 178 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
27.
Ammonia boosts the impact of nicotine.

Source: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Pages: 189 of 251 in PDF or Page 174. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: Wells, K. Technology Handbook. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Brown and Williamson. August 22, 1995. Pages: 6 of 59 in PDF. Access Date: June 4, 2003. Bates No: 505500002/0060. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=tad33f00&fmt=pdf&ref=results
28.
Benzene is in tobacco smoke. Benzene causes cancer.

Benzene is in Cigarettes Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 176 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Sufficient Proof Exists of Benzene's Carcinogenity to Humans Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 5, within list. URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf
29.
Arsenic is in tobacco smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
30.
Acetaldehyde is in tobacco smoke. Acetaldehyde is a hazardous air pollutant.

Acetaldehyde is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 179 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Acetaldehyde is a Hazardous Air Pollutant Source: National Toxicology Program. Department of Health and Human Services. Acetaldehyde substance profile. URL: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s001acet.pdf
31.
Carbon monoxide is in tobacco smoke. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas which can cause death.

Carbon monoxide is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 185 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and can cause death. Source: EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Qualit: Carbon Monoxide URL: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html#Health%20Effects%20Associated%20with%20Carbon%20Monoxide
32.
Chromium is in tobacco smoke. Chromium contributes to cancer.

Chromium is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Chromium is carcinogenic for humans Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 6 of 24 of PDF (within list). URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf
33.
Nicotine has been found in the breast milk of animals exposed to tobacco.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 5, Page 564 of Report. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter5.pdf
34.
Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA. Executive Summary. Page 13 of 20 of PDF. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/executivesummary.pdf
35.
Radioactive Polonium-210 is found in cigarette smoke. Polonium-210 contributes to cancer.

Radioactive polonium-210 is found in cigarette smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of 261 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Polonium-210 contributes to cancer Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 6 of 24 of PDF (see table). URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf
36.
In the U.S., 443,000 people die a tobacco-related death every year.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
37.
In the U.S.,128,922 people die each year from lung, trachea, and bronchus cancers caused by smoking. 3,400 of these deaths result from secondhand smoke.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
38.
In the U.S., 35,326 people die each year from cancers other than lung, trachea, and bronchus caused by smoking.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
39.
174,497 people die from smoking-related and secondhand smoke related cardiovascular diseases each year.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
40.
103,338 people die from smoking-related respiratory diseases each year (pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic airways obstruction).

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
41.
In the U.S., 3,400 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related lung cancer.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
42.
In the U.S., tobacco kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs, and fires combined.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm Source: Heron, M., Hoyert, D.L., Murphy, S.L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K.D., and Tejada-Vera, B."Deaths: Final Data for 2006." National Vital Statistics Report. April 17 2009. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf
43.
Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke. Hydrogen cyanide exposure causes cardiovascular and respiratory illness.

Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Hydrogen cyanide cardiovascular and respiratory effects Source: US Department of Health and Human Services. Medical Management Guidelines for Hydrogen Cyanide. URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg8.html
44.
The tobacco industry spends more than $10 billion a year on the marketing of its products in the U.S. alone.

Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2007 and 2008. Federal Trade Commission. Access Date: August 11, 2011. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729cigarettereport.pdf Federal Trade Commission Smokeless Tobacco Report for 2007 and 2008. Federal Trade Commission. Access Date: August 11, 2011. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
45.
Since 1964, there have been more than 12 million tobacco-related deaths in the U.S.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 30 of 34 of PDF. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter1.pdf
46.
About 90% of lung cancer deaths among women who continue to smoke are tobacco related.

Source: U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2001. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In"Chapter 1 Summary". Page 13 in full text. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm
47.
Of current smokers in the U.S., 1,273,000 have emphysema from smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab
48.
Cigarettes and other smoking materials are the number one cause of fire deaths in the U.S.

Source: National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division. U.S. Smoking Material Fire Problem. John R. Hall, Jr. November 2008. Page 11 of PDF. URL: http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files//PDF/OS.Smoking.pdf
49.
If current trends continue, by the year 2020, tobacco is projected to kill about 7 million people a year worldwide.

Source: World Health Organization. Tobacco Atlas (2009). Pg.38 URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
50.
In 1974, a tobacco company explored targeting customers as young as 14.

Source: RJR. Domestic Operating Goals and Assumptions. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Reynolds Tobacco Company. November 21, 1974. Bates No:500796976/6983. Page 2 of PDF. URL: http://tobaccodocuments.org/ftc_rjr/CX000051.html?pattern=&ocr_position=&rotation=0&zoom=750&start_page=1&end_page=8
51.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to secondhand smoke in infancy double the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Source: Anderson, H.R. and D.G. Cook. 1997. Health Effects of Passive Smoking-2: Passive Smoking and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. Thorax 52:1003-1009. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487351
52.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to secondhand smoke in infancy results in the deaths of 776 infants every year in the U.S.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
53.
Over 8.5 million Americans live with tobacco-related illnesses.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm
54.
1,893 U.S. smokers died in 2008 from smoking-related atherosclerosis.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
55.
736 people die each year in the U.S. from smoking-related fires.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
56.
7.5% of African American middle school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm
57.
9.9% of African American high school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey. 2006 NYTS Data and Documentation. Table 2:"Percentage of students in high school (grades 9-12) who were current users of any tobacco product, by product type, sex, and race/ethnicity- United States, 2004 and 2006." URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/pdfs/table_2_06.pdf
58.
In the U.S., 9.9% of all adult Asian Americans smoke.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
59.
In the U.S., 15.7% of Asian American men smoke compared to 4.7% of Asian American women.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
60.
3.4% of white U.S. middle school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
61.
17.5% of white U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
62.
In the U.S., 22% of white adults smoke.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
63.
In the U.S., 15.8% of all Hispanic adults smoke.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
64.
In the U.S., 10.8% of Hispanic high school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
65.
Every year, tobacco-related disease kills about 174,000 women in the US.

Source: CDC. Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008;57(45):1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
66.
In the U.S., 26% of middle school, and 21% of high school students who smoke, smoke Newport.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm
67.
In the U.S., light cigarette use is significantly higher among high school smokers (41%) than among middle school smokers (28%).

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
68.
In the U.S., 25% of middle and high school boys and 31% of middle and high school girls smoke light cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
69.
In 2006, U.S. consumers spent an estimated $90.7 billion on tobacco products.

Capehart, Tom. Expenditures for Tobacco Products and Disposable Personal Income, 1989-2005. Compiled from reports of the United States Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service online. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Table 21. Page 43 of 50 of PDF titled"Tobacco Briefing Room". http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Archive/Tobacco/ Directions to get to table from zipped file: 1.) Open link http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Archive/Tobacco/TobaccoBriefingRoom.zip 2.)"File Download" box will appear, click Save 3.) Click Save again 4.)"Download complete" box will appear, click open 5.) Click on"Tobacco Briefing Room" pdf 6.) Go to Table 21 on pg. 43 of pdf
70.
In 1984, a tobacco company called younger adult smokers"replacement smokers."

Source: Burrows DS. Strategic Research report. Younger Adult Smokers: Strategies and oportunities. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. February 29, 1984. Access Date: June 4, 2003. Bates No: 508783540. Page 10 of PDF. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/swx83d00/pdf?search=%20 22508783540%22
71.
In 1972, a tobacco company considered adding honey to cigarettes because teenagers like sweet products.

Source: Marketing Innovations, Inc."Project Report: Youth Cigarette - New Concepts." Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation. September 1972. Bates No: 170042014. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wwq54a99/pdf?search=%2217 0042014%22
72.
The tobacco industry increased its spending on advertisements and promotions by $2.7 billion between 2002 and 2003.

Source: Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. Issued 2007. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/reports/tobacco/2007cigarette2004-2005.pdf
73.
In 1985, one tobacco company brainstormed targeting potential smokers in school bathrooms, playgrounds, YMCAs, and city parks.

Source: XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. February 26, 1985. Access Date: March 14, 2005. Bates Number: 505412643/2682 URL:http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00/pdf?search= %22505412643%202682%22
74.
Cigarette companies advertised"light" cigarettes as less harmful to the smoker, although they can deliver the same levels of tar and nicotine.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 21 and 245-246. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
75.
In 1993, one tobacco company executive thought it would be a good idea to have his employees mail"grassroots" complaints to airlines about their smoking bans, pretending to be regular customers.

Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Philip Morris Collection, 1993. Page 1. Access Date: October 21, 2005. Bates No: 2024203673 Fact Created: 6/4/1998 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=zha35e00&fmt=pdf&ref=results Source:"Philip Morris Glossary of names: W". Legacy Documents Library. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/glossaries/pm_gloss_w.jsp
76.
Tobacco companies actually went to court to fight for the right to keep tobacco advertising near high schools. They won. Congrats, Big Tobacco!

Source: In the Supreme Court of the United States LORILLARD TOBACCO CO., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. THOMAS F. REILLY, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS; ALTADIS U.S.A. INC., ETC., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. THOMAS F. REILLY, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS. Nos. 00-596 and 00-597. 1997. Access Date: June 14, 2005. URL: http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/00-596/2000-0596.mer.ami.html
77.
In 1993, the Supreme Court decided that an inmate could sue a prison claiming that exposure to his cellmate's secondhand smoke could constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

Source: Supreme Court of the United States Helling v. McKinney (91-1958), 509 U.S. 25 (1993). Access Date: June 15, 2005. Pages 1 and 5. URL: http://supreme.justia.com/us/509/25/case.html
78.
In 1989, one tobacco company's ideas for reaching minority customers included to"be seen as a friend,""build on black history", and"help them find jobs."

Source: SALEM BLACK INITIATIVE PROGRAM BRAND TEAM IDEATION SESSION, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, R.J. Reynolds, August 3, 1989. Bates No: 507137652/7666. Access Date: October 23, 2005. Page 4. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wug34d00/pdf?search=%20 22507137652%207666%22
79.
In 1996, a major tobacco company planned to boost cigarette sales by targeting homeless people. They called their plan"Project SCUM: Sub Culture Urban Marketing."

Source: PROJECT SCUM. The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library; Issued: 1996. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ciw66d00/pdf?search=%22project%20scum%22
80.
A tobacco company once gave $125,000 worth of food to a charity, according to an estimate by The Wall Street Journal. Then, they spent well over $22 million telling people about it. I guess when you sell a deadly, addictive product, you need all the good PR you can get.

Source: BRANCH,S. PHILIP MORRIS' AD ON MACARONI AND PEACE - KOSOVO TALE NARROWS GAP BETWEEN PHILANTHROPY, PUBLICITY. DOW JONES; WALL STREET JOURNAL. Philip Morris. Legacy Tobacco Document Library. July 24, 2001. Access Date: July 19, 2005 Bates Number: 2085774391A/4392 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pmu41c00/pdf Source: Ad*Views. $22,959,418 spent on media buy for"Refugee camp/Helicopter/ Woman/Boy" spot in 2001 Media: Television Market: National Period: Jan 1, 2001 - Dec 20, 2001
81.
In 1997, a Big Tobacco executive once said, under oath, that he believed Gummy Bears were addictive like cigarettes.

Source: Deposition of JAMES J. MORGAN, April 17, 1997, NORMA R. BROIN, ET AL., PLAINTIFFS, VS. PHILIP MORRIS COMPANIES, INC., DEFENDANTS. CASE NO. 91-49738 CA 22. HOWARD A. ENGLE, M.D., ET AL., PLAINTIFFS, VS. RJ REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, ETC., ET AL., DEFENDANTS. CASE NO. 94-08273 CA 20. Page 13 of 45 of PDF. Page 78 of real report. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. April 17, 1997. Bates Number: 2063670882/0926 Access Date: November 4, 2005 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hkd38d00/pdf
82.
In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with M&M's.

Source: THE STATE OF MINNESOTA BY HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, III, ITS ATTORNEY GENERAL, VS. PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED. DEPOSITION OF CALUDE E. TEAGUE, JR. WITH EXHIBITS 1088-1100 PLUS EXHIBIT A. Page 19 of 336 in PDF. Page 104 of real report. Authors: TEAGUE CE JR;STIREWALT & ASSOC. R. J. Reynolds. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. July 8-11, 1997. Access Date: July 5, 2005. Bates Number: 517144081/4416 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ugn82d00/pdf
83.
In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with coffee.

Souce: Hearing Of The House Energy & Commerce Committee Subcommittee On Health And The Environment, On Nicotine And Cigarettes. American Tobacco. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 14, 1994. Access Date: July 21, 2005. Page 18 of 155 of PDF. Bates Number: 980155542/5696 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pfy84f00/pdf
84.
In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with that of television.

Source: Hearing Of The House Energy & Commerce Committee Subcommittee On Health And The Environment, On Nicotine And Cigarettes. American Tobacco. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 14, 1994. Access Date: July 21, 2005. Page 18 of 155 of PDF. Bates Number: 980155542/5696 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pfy84f00/pdf
85.
U.S. adults below the poverty level have an average smoking rate of 31.5% compared to 19.6% for people at or above the poverty level.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
86.
Higher smoking rates are associated with lower education levels.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1227. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
87.
90% of lung cancer is attributable to tobacco products.

Source: U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2001. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p.13. URL: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/womenandtobacco/
88.
In the U.S., 60.9% of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily tried to quit smoking cigarettes

Source: CDC. High School Students Who Tried to Quit Smoking Cigarettes-United States, 2007. May 1, 2009. 58(16);428-431. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5816a4.htm
89.
During 2000-2004, annual smoking-attributable medical expenditures were estimated at $96 billion.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
90.
During 2000-2004, smoking-attributable productivity losses totaled $96.8 billion per year.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
91.
During 2000-2004, smoking-attributable health care costs and productivity losses totaled $193 billion per year.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
92.
In 2006, a judge ruled that Big Tobacco had been engaged in a 50-year-long scheme to deceive the public about the dangers of smoking. Lies suck too.

Source: CNNMoney.com."Judge rules against Big Tobacco. August 18, 2006. URL: http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/17/news/companies/tobacco_ruling/index.htm Source: United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Gladys Kessler, United States District Court Judge."Final Opinion". Civil Action No. 99-2496 (GK). August 17, 2006. Introduction/Overview, page 1-4. (Also page 219, 259, 293, 330, 479, 655, 819, 1397.) URL: http://tobaccofreekids.org/content/what_we_do/industry_watch/doj/FinalOpinion.pdf
93.
In 2008, 48.8% of people for whom their high school diploma was their highest level of educational attainment who have ever smoked reported that they had successfully quit.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
94.
About 20% of African American youth are exposed to secondhand smoke in the home.

Source: American Legacy Foundation. Secondhand Smoke--Youth Exposure and Adult Attitudes--Results from Three National Surveys. Supplemental Tables. Table S-5. Prevalence of Secondhand Smoke Exposure (Ages 12-17) -1999-2003 LMTS. URL: http://www.legacyforhealth.org/PDFPublications/fl_14_tables.pdf
95.
In 2000, 68.4% of African Americans reported wanting to quit smoking and 45% reported making a quit attempt.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645. Category: African Americans Fact Created: 10/19/2004 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm
96.
In the U.S., 0.9% of Asian American middle school students smoke.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
97.
28% of U.S. middle school students who smoke use light cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
98.
41% of U.S. high school students who smoke use light cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
99.
In the U.S. in 2008, over 80.7% of people with a graduate degree who had ever smoked reported that they had successfully quit.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
100.
In the U.S., 6% of Asian American high school students smoke cigarettes.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
101.
In the U.S., smoking-attributable productivity losses for men are approximately $64.2 billion per year

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
102.
In the U.S., smoking-attributable productivity losses for women are approximately $32.6 billion per year.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
103.
In the U.S., 20.7% of Hispanic men smoke, compared to 10.7% of Hispanic women.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
104.
In the U.S., 50% of Asian Americans who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
105.
In the U.S., 43% of Hispanics who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
106.
In 2008, adults whose highest level of academic achievement was below the equivalent of a high school diploma had the lowest rates of successfully quitting smoking in the U.S.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1230. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
107.
In 2008, more than 48 million Americans had successfully quit smoking.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
108.
How do infants avoid secondhand smoke?"At some point they begin to crawl." Tobacco Executive, 1996.

Source: UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, . CA No. 99-2496(GK). March 17, 2005. Plaintiff, 9:32 a.m., v. PHILIP MORRIS USA, et al., Defendants. Washington, D.C. Quote from Charles Harper, R.J. Reynolds Chairman. Page 89. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exo11b00/pdf?search=%22at%20some%20point%20they%20begin%20to%20crawl%22
109.
34.1% of middle school students report seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media Among Middle School and High School Students-- United States, 2004. MMWR 2005;54:297-301. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm
110.
39.2% of high school students report seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media Among Middle School and High School Students-- United States, 2004. MMWR 2005;54:297-301. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm
111.
The tobacco industry spends more than $28 million each day marketing its products in the U.S. alone.

Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2007 and 2008. Federal Trade Commission. Access Date: August 11, 2011. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729cigarettereport.pdf Federal Trade Commission Smokeless Tobacco Report for 2007 and 2008. Federal Trade Commission. Access Date: August 11, 2011. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2011/07/110729smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
112.
According to one tobacco company VP, in 2001, a company name change could focus attention away from tobacco.

Source: SPECTOR, J . DIRECTION FOR ALTRIA. Philip Morris. Email. American Legacy Documents. November 30, 2001. Access Date: June 30, 2005. Bates Number: 2085246857 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ura22c00/pdf Source: Ackman, D. FORBES.COM MORRIS PHILIP HAS IT BACKWARDS. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris. Oct. 2001. Access Date: June 14, 2005 Bates No.: 2085780183A/0184. Page 1. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fhz10c00/pdf Source: Schwartz, J. PHILIP MORRIS TO CHANGE NAME TO ALTRIA COMPANY WOULD DIVERT ATTENTION FROM TOBACCO. NY TIMES. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris November 16, 2001. Access Date: June 14, 2005 Bates Number: 2085240233/0234. Page 1. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/giz12c00/pdf Source: WHEN A COMPANY OUTGROWS ITS NAME ALTRIA. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris. 2001. Page 1. Access Date: June 14, 2005 Bates Number: 2085240300 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ahz12c00/pdf
113.
In the U.S., 23.5% of white men smoke compared to 20.6% of white women.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
114.
In the U.S., 43% of Black middle school students who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
115.
In the U.S., 66% of Black high school students who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.

Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12. URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf
116.
It is estimated that as many as 22% of pregnant women and girls smoke.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm
117.
18.3% of women in the U.S. smoke.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
118.
Pregnant women who smoke increase their risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and SIDS.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 5. Page 3 of 86 of PDF of Chapter 5. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter5.pdf
119.
In the U.S. in 2007, 53.1% of current young adult smokers were able to quit smoking for more than a day.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults-United States, 2007. MMWR 2008; November 14, 2008. 57(45);1221-1226. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a2.htm
120.
In the U.S., only 5.7% of people with a graduate degree are current smokers.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1227. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
121.
The majority of smokers begin before the age of 18 (nearly 80% before age 18, and nearly 90% before age 20).

Source: Calculated based on data in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2007. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. URL: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7Results.pdf
122.
1 out of 3 smokers begin smoking before the age of 14.

Source: Mowery PD, Brick PD, Farrelly MC. Legacy First Look Report 3. Pathways to Established smoking: Results from the 1999 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. October 2000.) URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/Youth_and_Smoking_-_2.08_-_FINAL.pdf
123.
Every day, about 3,900 youth ages 12 to 17 try a cigarette for the first time.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). 2003 National Survey on Drug Use & Health: Detailed Tables. Table 2.31A Cigarette Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2002 and 2003. URL:http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k4nsduh/2k4tabs/Sect2peTabs1to57.htm#tab2.15a
124.
Every day, about 1,000 youth become daily smokers.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-28, DHHS Publication No. SMA 05-4062). Rockville, MD. Pg 56, URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k10NSDUH/2k10Results.pdf
125.
About one third of youth smokers will eventually die from a tobacco-related disease.

Source: PERSPECTIVES in Health. Volume 2- No. 2. 1997. "Tobacco: the next World War?" Pan American Health Organization. World Health Organization website. URL: http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/Number4_article5.htm
126.
In just one year, cigarettes leave about 12,000 kids motherless. That's 33 mothers a day.

Source: Leistikow BN, Martin DC, Milano CE, 2000. Estimates of smoking-attributable deaths at ages 15-24, motherless or fatherless youths, and resulting Social Security costs in the United States in 1994. Preventive Medicine, 30(5) 252-360. URL: http://leistikow.ucdavis.edu/BereftYouths.pdf
127.
In just one year, cigarettes leave about 31,000 kids fatherless.

Source: Leistikow BN, Martin DC, Milano CE, 2000. Estimates of smoking-attributable deaths at ages 15-24, motherless or fatherless youths, and resulting Social Security costs in the United States in 1994. Preventive Medicine, 30(5) 252-360. Page 2 of 4 of PDF. URL: http://leistikow.ucdavis.edu/BereftYouths.pdf
128.
3.0% of U.S. middle school students smoke.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
129.
14.3% of U.S. high school students smoke.

Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006 United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1
130.
Nearly 70% of smokers say they want to quit, but only 6% are able to each year.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm
131.
In 2008, 45% of U.S. smokers quit for at least a day.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf
132.
Each year only 4.7% of smokers succeed in quitting.

Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm
133.
Every 6.5 seconds, someone in the world dies from a smoking-related disease.

Source: World Health Organization. (2005)"Why is tobacco a world health priority?" URL: http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/
134.
In 1985, one tobacco vice president wondered, in reference to smoking-related deaths, if we should ban sleep since according to him the majority of people die in their sleep.

Source: SMOKING & HEALTH 'THE SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY.' TI AUSTRALIA. PHILIP MORRIS. May 14, 1985. Page 11 of 15 in PDF. Access Date: October 10, 2004 Bates Number: 2501114892/4906 Master Document Id Range: 2501114892/4932 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qpd29e00/pdf Proof that John Dollisson is a VP: Source: Philip Morris Glossary of Names, D URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/glossaries/pm_gloss_d.jsp
135.
In 1997, one tobacco company CEO said he would probably"instantly" shut his doors" to get a better hold on things" if it were proved to his satisfaction that smoking causes cancer. That same company now admits on their website that smoking causes cancer, but they're still open for business.

Source: DEPOSITION OF GEOFFREY C. BIBLE TAKEN AT THE INSTANCE OF PLAINTIFFS IN THE FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT COURT IN AND FOR PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA CASE NO. CL 95-1466 AH THE STATE OF FLORIDA, ET AL., PLAINTIFF, VS. THE AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY, ET AL., DEFENDANTS. American Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. August 21, 1997 Access Date: September 18, 2005. Page: 8 in PDF (Page 27 in that page). Bates Number: 2081843112/3136 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=car80c00&fmt=pdf&ref=results Source: Philip Morris USA official website URL: http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Health_Issues/Cigarette_Smoking_and_Disease/default.aspx?src=top_nav
136.
Tobacco accounts for one out of every ten deaths worldwide and claimed 5.5 million lives in 2009 alone.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 8. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
137.
Every year, 394,000 loyal tobacco customers in the U.S. are awarded with premature death.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1
138.
12 million cigarettes per minute will be smoked around the world every single day in 2010.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
139.
The U.S., China, Russian Federation, Japan, and Indonesia were the top five countries that consume more than half of the world's cigarettes in 2007.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32 and 33. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
140.
There were 100 million deaths worldwide from tobacco use in the 20th century.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
141.
There could be 1 billion tobacco deaths worldwide in the 21st century if current trends continue.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
142.
One half of all lifetime smokers will die prematurely as a result of smoking.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 873. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter7.pdf
143.
Smoking is responsible for the premature deaths of approximately 3 million women since 1980.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm
144.
9% of college students smoke daily.

Source: Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19-50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Figure 9-15b. URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf
145.
18% of U.S. college students smoke.

Source: Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19-50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Page 25 of actual report. URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf
146.
31% of young adults who are college age, but do not attend college, smoke.

Source: Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19-50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Figure 9-15a. URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf
147.
Since 2001, there has been little consistent gender difference in smoking among U.S. college students

Source: Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19-50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Page 28 of actual report. URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf
148.
69 animal and/or human carcinogens are in tobacco smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
149.
Every day, cows release methane gas into the air. From you know where. But methane is also found somewhere else. Yesiree, in cigarette smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: BACKGROUND INFORMATION: WHERE DOES METHANE COME FROM? Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. URL: http://education.arm.gov/teacherslounge/background/humancauses.stm Source: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection URL: http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/iso14001/bpmanual/CAirAll.htm
150.
As late as 1999, tobacco companies placed in-store advertising signage at a child's eye level.

Source: CDC, Point of Purchase Tobacco Environments and Variation by Store Type United States, 1999. MMWR 2002; 51(9): 184-187. Page 1-2. Category: Tobacco Marketing Fact Created: 11/19/2004 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5109a2.htm
151.
Tobacco companies have been targeting women with their advertising for the last 80 years.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001. Chapter 4, Pages 44 and 96 of PDF. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/complete_report/pdfs/chp4.pdf
152.
Hydrogen cyanide has been used in prison executions. It's also found in cigarette smoke.

Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 56 and 176 of 251. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Hydrogen cyanide has been used in prison executions. Cyanide Compounds: Hazard Summary. US Environmental Protection Agency. April 1992. Access Date: June 14, 2005. Page 1. URL: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/cyanide.html
153.
There's hydrogen cyanide in rat poison. The same stuff is in cigarette smoke.

Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 56 and 176 of 251. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL:http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Hydrogen cyanide is in rat poison: Source: ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Cyanide. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease. Page 8 of PDF. URL:http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8-c5.pdf
154.
Because of the tobacco industry's products, about 353 people in the U.S. die of lung cancer every day.

Source: CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Targeting The Nations Leading Killer. 2010. Chart Fact created: 7/19/2010 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/osh.htm Calcuation: 128,900/365 days in a year = 353 deaths/day due to lung cancer.
155.
In 1989, millions of cases of imported fruit were banned after a small amount of cyanide was found in just two grapes. There's 33 times more cyanide in a single cigarette than was found in both of those grapes.

Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. EIU Country Report No 2 1989. February 16, 1989. Economic Policy: Interest Rates Are Kept High. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rsc80a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22 Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Commentary: When Chemophobia Ruled The Land. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/llh36e00/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22 Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. Security Forecast. April Risk Assessment: Low Throughout the Country. March 17, 1989. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/psc80a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22 Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. A Year After Grape Scare, Chilean Fruit Sales Thrive. March 5, 1990. URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rpw28a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22 The amount of cyanide in a single filtered,* perforated cigarette = 201 micrograms. Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy, K. "The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. A Tribute to Ernst L.Wynder." Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. 2001, 14(7):767790. URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/tx000260u Math: 1000 micrograms = 1 milligram 201 micrograms = .2 milligrams x=.2/.006 (because each grape contains .003 milligrams) x=33.333 The amount of cyanide in one cigarette is 33 times the amount in the two grapes.
156.
Smoking can lead to cataracts, the number one cause of vision loss in the world.

Source: The Health Consequences of Smoking, A Report of the Surgeon General. Chapter 6. Pages 777 and 779. Access Date: October 24, 2005 URL:http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter6.pdf
157.
In 1985, a tobacco industry brainstorming session came up with the idea of reaching their"younger adult smokers" in candy stores.

Source: XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. February 26, 1985. Access Date: June 6, 2006 Bates Number: 505412643/2682 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00/pdf Source: BRIEFING DOCUMENT FOR PROJECT XG BRAINSTORMING SESSION. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds February 20, 1985. Access Date: June 6, 2006. Bates Number: 504043244/3248 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dog75d00/pdf Bottom of the third page: reference to"next Tuesday's meeting." Source: 1985 calendar shows February 26, the date on the document below, was a Tuesday. URL: http://www.infoplease.com/calendar.php?year=1985&yview=1
158.
Sunburns can cause wrinkles; so can cigarettes.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Atlantic, GA.. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, March 2001. Category: Facial Wrinkles. Chapter 3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=womsmk&part=A7251#A7682 CDC. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2002. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm
159.
In the U.S., smoking is depicted in three-quarters of youth-rated movies, and 90% of R-rated movies.

Source: Legacy For Health. Worth, K., Tanski, S., Sargent, J."Trends in Top Box Office Movie Tobacco Use 1996-2004." First Look Report 16. July 2006. URL: http://www.legacyforhealth.org/PDFPublications/FINAL_8_x_11_singles.pdf
160.
Problems with self-esteem. Has menial, boring job. Emotionally insecure. Passive-aggressive. Probably leads fairly dull existence. Grooming not a strong priority. Lacks inner resources. Group conformist. Non-thinking. Not into ideas. Insecure follower. These are all terms taken from Big Tobacco's files that have been used to describe different groups of potential customers for their deadly, addictive products.

Problems with self-esteem Source: RJR; HUNTER CS. MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT. INNER CITY BLACK CREATIVE EXPLORATORY. MARKETING DOC. R. J. Reynolds. American Legacy Documents. January 16, 1989. Access Date: June 30, 2005. Bates Number: 507119955/9990 Secondary Bates Number: MRD88 12121 Page 5. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lsg28c00/pdf Not Into Ideas (page 1) Group Conformist (page 1) Non-thinking (page 5) Menial, Boring Job (page 6) Source: RUNNING LIST OF YA CHARACTERISTICS. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds. 1988. Access Date: June 14, 2005 Document Type: REPORT Bates Number: 507350280/0288. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rtl28c00/pdf (Pages RJR449773 & RJR449778) Fairly Dull Existence (page 3) Insecure Follower (page 12) Source: SMOKER PSYCHOGRAPHICS. Brown and Williamson. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 1981. Access Date: July 19, 2005. Document Type: MARKETING REPORT Bates Number: 549000992/1019 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kch10f00/pdf Passive Agressive (page 5) Grooming Not a Strong Priority (page 15) Lacks Inner Resources (page 17) Source: MINDSET SEGMENTS. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Documents. R.J. Reynolds. January 3, 1991 Access Date: June, 14, 2005. Document Type: REPORT Bate Number: 510320848/0876. Page 3/29 in PDF URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/abr28c00/pdf
161.
Tobacco kills over 20 times more people than murder.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Economic Costs-United States, 1997-2001. MMWR 2005; 54(25): 625-628. Page 1. Category: Death and Disease Fact Created: 10/19/2004 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5425a1.htm Source: CDC: New Report Looks at Latest Mortality Trends. National Vital Statistics Report: Deaths: Final Data for 2002: 53(5). September 25, 2003. Pages 30-33. Access Date: June 14, 2004. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_03.pdf Calculation: > 400,000 tobacco-related deaths per year/20,308 murders per year = 19.6
162.
Sodium hydroxide is a caustic compound found in hair removal products. It was found in cigarettes in 1994.

Source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Medical Management guidelines for Sodium Hydroxide URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg178.html Source: National Institutes of Health: National Library of Medicine; Specialized Information Serivces Household Products Database Brand Name: Nair 3 in 1 Brush on Cream Hair Remover URL: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=brands&id=3002008 Source: 599 Additives in Cigarettes - Sodium Hydroxide NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: INGREDIENTS ADDED TO TOBACCO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES BY THE SIX MAJOR AMERICAN CIGARETTE COMPANIES Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Brown & Williamson Collection, April 12, 1994. Page 44 of PDF. Bates Number: 566936921-566936970 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pjv11c00/pdf
163.
Tobacco companies' products kill nearly 37,000 people every month. That's more lives thrown away than there are public garbage cans in NYC.

In the U.S. 1200 people a day die from tobacco related disease (443,000 / 365 = 1213.70) 443,000 deaths per year / 12 months per year = 36,916.6667 people per month Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses-United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm Source: We service over 25,000 litter baskets City of New York - Department of Sanitation 2009 DSNY Annual Report URL: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/downloads/pdf/pubinfo/annual/ar2009.pdf
164.
Human sweat contains urea and ammonia. Urea is added to cigarettes.

a. Urea is added to cigarettes. Covington & Burling. Summary of Data on Urea. 17 April 1986. American Tobacco Bates No. 980365694/5705. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fjk51a00/pdf b. Ammonia-forming compounds are added to cigarette tobacco. Source: American Chemical Society. Pankow JF, Mader BT, Isabelle LM, Luo W, Pavlick A, Liang C."Conversion of Nicotine in Tobacco Smoke to its Volatile and Available Free-Base Form through the Action of Gaseous Ammonia." Environmental Science & Technology. Vol 31, No. 8, 1997. URL: http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2784832 c. Human sweat contains urea. Huang CT, Chen ML, Huang LL, Mao IF. Uric acid and urea in human sweat. The Chinese Journal of Physiology 2002; 45(3):109-15. Abstract available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12817713&dopt=Abstract d. Human sweat contains ammonia Foster KG. Composition of the secretion from the eccrine sweat glands of the cat's foot pad. The Journal of Physiology 1966; 184(1):106-19. Available at: http://jp.physoc.org/content/184/1/106.full.pdf+html e. Urea is added to cigarettes "R.J. Reynolds List of Ingredients (2008)". R.J. Reynolds. URL: http://www.rjrt.com/tobaccoingredients.aspx
165.
In 1985, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea of reaching younger adult customers in record stores.

a. XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26. 26 February 1985. RJ Reynolds. Bates No. 505412643/2682. http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00/pdf b. Briefing Document for Project XG Brainstorming Session. 20 February 1985. RJ Reynolds. Bates No. 504043244/3248. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dog75d00/pdf
166.
In 2006, a former Russian spy was allegedly murdered using Polonium -210. This radioactive chemical is also found in cigarette smoke, a fact at least one tobacco company was aware of in 1964.

Source: Puffing on Polonium The New York Times December 1, 2006 Robert N. Proctor URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/01/opinion/01proctor.html?ex=1166590800&en=ad9fa6ba36fdf6ab&ei=5070 Polonium 210 is found in cigarette smoke Source: Presented At The Federation Of American Societies For Experimental Biology, Chicago, Illinois, April 15, 1964, Polonium-210 In Tobacco Smoke As A Tracer For Particle Deposition And Movement In Human Lungs Authors: Radford-EP;Little-JB;Hunt VR;Nelson-C Collection: American Tobacco URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/btt44f00/pdf?search=%22polonium%20210%20in%20tobacco%20smoke%20as%20a%20tracer%20for%20particle%20deposition%20movement%20in%20human%20lungs%22 Source: Title: Exposure Of Cigarette Smokers To Polonium-210 Bates Number: 950113512/3514 Collection: American Tobacco URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dib64f00/pdf Source: Title: Telephone Conversation, R. K. Heimann, This Date. Authors: Hager-JH Document Date: 19670609 Document Type: Memo, Correspondence Bates Number: 950113515 Collection: American Tobacco URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/eib64f00/pdf Source: Title: Filter Cigarettes For Removing Polonium From The Smoke, Interview With Mr. Nelson Stewart On September 23, 1964 Authors: Pedersen-PM;American Tobacco Company Document Date: 19640925 Document Type: Memo, Correspondence Bates Number: 950190504 Collection: American Tobacco URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/con11a00/pdf
167.
On their websites, tobacco companies encourage people to quit smoking. However, in 2006, a court found that tobacco companies manipulate nicotine levels to keep smokers addicted.

Phillip Morris Website: http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Health_Issues/Quitting_Smoking/default.aspx?src=search http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Responsibility/Supporting_Cessation/default.aspx?src=top_nav Nicotine"Manipulation": Defendants Have Falsely Denied That They Can and Do Control the Level of Nicotine Delivered In Order to Create and Sustain Addiction United States District Court for the District of Columbia Final Opinion Pages 515-528 in the case. In PDF, Page 5. http://tobaccofreekids.org/content/what_we_do/industry_watch/doj/FinalOpinion.pdf
168.
Every day, tobacco-related disease kills about 476 women in the US.

Source: CDC. Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008;57(45):1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
169.
As long ago as 1969, a tobacco company executive stated that they had"taken a great many steps to avoid advertising directed to young people." Yet 10 years later, they supplied their products to be featured in The Muppet Movie.

Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. American Tobacco Collection. July 22, 1969. Page: 82 of 197 in PDF. Document Type: Congressional Testimony, Legal Bates Number: 968062385/2581 URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ihz24f00/pdf?search=%22968062385%202581%22 Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. (Proof Cullman is a Philip Morris employee). Page 21 of PDF. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hjb63a00/pdf?search=%22philip%20morris%20glossary%20of%20names%22 Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. 1989. Pages 3 and 10 of 15 in PDF. Access Date: October 24, 2005 Bates Number: 2025863645/3659 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kez74e00/pdf Below is a list of where smoking can be seen in The Muppet Movie. 12:15 Cigarettes in the "El Sleezo Café" 14:00 Cigarettes in the "El Sleezo Café" 15:28 Cigarettes in the "El Sleezo Café" 16:00 Cigarettes in the "El Sleezo Café" 53:33 Ashtray on Rowlf's piano
170.
Around the 1980s, tobacco companies labeled African Americans - less educated, prefer malt liquor, have problems with their own self-esteem.

1990 (900000) NEW MARKETING IDEAS. SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS. Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds Collection.1989. Page 19. Bates Number: 507203449/3471 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fgm54d00/pdf Direct Quote:"(e .g., Blacks drink malt liquor rather than beer)." RJR; HUNTER CS. MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT. INNER CITY BLACK CREATIVE EXPLORATORY. MARKETING DOC. Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R. J. Reynolds Collection. January 16, 1989. Page 5. Bates Number: 507119955/9990 Secondary Bates Number: MRD88 12121 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lsg28c00/pdf Direct Quote:"This is most likely due to the fact that these consumers do not have a lot of money as well as problems with their own self esteem which makes dating stressful." THE BLACK MENTHOL CIGARETTE MARKET FEBRUARY, 1979 (790200). Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds Collection. February, 1979. Page: 24 of 77 in PDF. Bates Number: 500492090/2166 Secondary Bates Number: MRD78 0118 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hik79d00/pdf Direct Quote:"On average, Blacks are not as well educated as the population at large."
171.
In 1996, the tobacco industry said that drinking one to two glasses of whole milk a day was riskier than second-hand smoke.

Source: Philip Morris Europe SA. ""Second-hand tobacco smoke in perspective. What risks do you take?"" 1994. Bates no: 2501066695. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ols32e00/pdf
172.
In 1971, when one tobacco executive was reminded that smoking can lead to underweight babies, he said,"Some women would prefer smaller babies."

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Atlantic, GA. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, March 2001. Category: Women. Chapter 3. Page 17 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wkg70d00/pdf (1) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Category: Reproductive Effects http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=smokeuse&part=ch5
173.
According to the New York Times, in 1998, one tobacco executive said,"Nobody knows what you'd turn to if you didn't smoke. Maybe you'd beat your wife."

Source: The New York Times. "Big Tobacco's Endgame". By Jeffrey Goldberg. Published: Sunday, June 21, 1998. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/21/magazine/big-tobacco-s-endgame.html?pagewanted=all
174.
Benzene, arsenic and cyanide are all poisons. They're all in cigarette smoke too.

Benzene, Arsenic, Cyanide are in Cigarettes Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 176 of 251. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Benzene is a poison URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp3.pdf pg.52 Arsenic is a poison URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.pdf pg. 27 Cyanide is a poison URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8.pdf pg. 21
175.
In 1978, one tobacco executive said that"unhappiness causes cancer." So smile!

NCI STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris. Page 1 of 2. Document Date: October 6, 1978. Bates No.: 10030440078/0079 http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hye94e00/pdf;jsessionid=3921A14B65660AD990C9CCB25CCA4AFA
176.
In 1953, Phillip Morris advertised their cigarettes as"the cigarette that takes the FEAR out of smoking."

Source: THE CIGARETTE THAT TAKE THE FEAR OUT OF SMOKING. CALL FOR PHILIP MORRIS. American Legacy Documents Database. Bates Number: 2023033214. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zey74e00/pdf Source: The cigarette that takes the Fear out of smoking! American Legacy Documents Database. Bates number PHIL0920. Added August 27, 2009. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fwa56b00
177.
A tobacco executive said that smoking is only as addictive as"sugar and salt and internet access."

Source: Tobacco Control Legal Consortium. THE VERDICT IS IN: FINDINGS FROM UNITED STATES V. PHILIP MORRIS, "Addiction", 2006. Page 3 of 7. http://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/tclc-verdict-is-in.pdf
178.
6.3 trillion cigarettes will be produced by tobacco companies in 2010, amounting to more than 900 cigarettes for every man, woman and child in the world.

Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
179.
There are 11 known human carcinogens in cigarette smoke.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
180.
An ingredient in mothballs- naphthalene- is also found in cigarette smoke.

Naphthalene is found in cigarettes. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Mothballs contain napthalene. Source: New South Wales Government Department of Health. "Naphthalene in Moth Balls and Toilet Deodorant Cakes". URL: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/environmental/naphtalene.html
181.
In the US, cigarettes kill about 50 people an hour.

Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm
182.
Urea is found in cigarettes. Urea is also found in Pee.

Pee contains urea Source: SUMMARY OF DATA ON UREA Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. American Tobacco. April 17, 1986. Access Date: October 10, 2004 Bates No.: 980365694/5705 URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fjk51a00/pdf?search=%22980365694%205705%22 Urea is found in cigarettes "R.J. Reynolds List of Ingredients (2008)". R.J. Reynolds. URL: http://www.rjrt.com/tobaccoingredients.aspx
183.
Methanol is found in cigarettes. Methanol is also found in antifreeze.

Methanol is found in antifreeze. Source: Medline Plus Encyclopedia."Antifreeze Poisoning". List of Poisonous Ingredients. Updated by Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA. 7/20/2009. URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002751.htm Methanol is found in cigarettes. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No 02-5074, October 2001. Page 161. URL:http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
184.
Cinnemaldyhyde is found in cigarettes. Cinnemaldehyde is also found in pet repellant.

Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 17. URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav Cinnemaldyhyde is in pet repellent Source: US Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticides: Regulating Pesticides. Biopesticides. Active Ingredient Index P-S. URL: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_040506.htm
185.
Cadmium is found in cigarettes. Cadmium is also found in batteries.

Cadmium is in tobacco smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yeilds of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Cadmium is in found in batteries. Source: CDC. ToxFAQs™ for Cadmium. November 22, 2004 Access Date: October 25, 2005 URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=47&tid=15
186.
Toluene is found in cigarette smoke. Toluene is also found in gasoline.

Toluene is found in gasoline. Source: Medscape's eMedicine. McKeown, Nathanael J., DO."Toxicology, Toluene". May 20, 2009. URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818939-overview Toluene is found in cigarette smoke. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
187.
Hydrazine is found in cigarettes. Hydrazine is also found in rocket fuel.

Rocket fuel contains hydrazine Source: CDC Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Tox FAQs September 1997 Access Date: October 25, 2005 URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts100.pdf Hydrazine is found in cigarettes. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF. URL:http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
188.
Acetone is found in cigarette smoke. Acetone also removes nail polish.

Acetone is in nail polish remover Source: CDC ToxFAQs™ for Acetone November 22, 2004 Access Date: October 25, 2005 URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=4&tid=1 Acetone is found in cigarette smoke Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yeilds of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Category: Ingredients Fact Created: 11/10/2004 URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
189.
Geraniol is found in cigarettes. Geraniol is also found in pesticides.

Geraniol is found in cigarettes. Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 17. URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav Geraniol is found in pesticides. Source: Citation: Kegley, S.E., Hill, B.R., Orme S., Choi A.H., PAN Pesticide Database, Pesticide Action Network, North America (San Francisco, CA, 2008). URL: http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33336
190.
Formaldehyde is found in cigarette smoke. It's also used to preserve dead animals.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: CDC Controlling Formaldehyde Exposures During Embalming February 25, 1999 Access Date: October 25, 2005 URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hc26.html
191.
Toluene is found in cigarette smoke. Toluene is also found in explosives.

Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Source: US Environmental Protection Agency."Explosives". TNT Production. Organic Chemical Process Industry. Page 1 of PDF. URL: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch06/final/c06s03.pdf
192.
Acetanisole is found in cigarettes. Acetanisole is also an ingredient in some perfumes.

Acetanisole is found in cigarettes. Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 1. URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav Acetanisole is found in perfumes. Source: US Environmental Protection Agency. Inert (other) Ingredients in Pesticide Products. FMA Fragrance Ingredient Database . April 16, 2007. Page 14 of 45 of PDF. URL: http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts/fmaingredient.pdf
193.
Acetic Acid is found in cigarettes. Acetic Acid is also found in floor wipes.

Acetic acid is found in cigarettes. Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. URL:http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf Acetic acid is found in floor wipes. Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Household Products Database. URL: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=brands&id=19001095
194.
Each year, about 5 million people around the world die from tobacco products.

Source: World Health Organization website. (2005)"Why is tobacco a public health priority?" URL: http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/
195.
In 1988, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea of a colored cigarette to"enhance wardrobe."

Source: ATTACHMENT #1. FLAVOR DIVISION PLANNING MEETING MARCH 25, 1988. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R. J. Reynolds. March 25, 1988. (Attachment #1 gives reference to the actual source of the document below.) Access Date: June 6, 2006 Bates No: 511435201 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fzv43d00/pdf Source: ATTACHMENT #2. NEW PRODUCT IDEAS. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. 1988 Access Date: June 6, 2006 Bates Number: 506389501/9504 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gne74d00/pdf
196.
In 2008, 3.5% of 8th graders, 5.0% of 10th graders, and 6.5% of 12th graders were frequent users of smokeless tobacco.

Source: Johnston, L. D., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2008: Volume I, Secondary school students (NIH Publication No. 09-7402). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIH Publication No. 09-7402. Printed September 2009 Table 2.3. Page 57 of report; page 92 of PDF. URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol1_2008.pdf
197.
Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette smokers.

Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, 1986. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NIH Pub. No. 86-2874. Page 17 of 22. URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/F/T/_/nnbcft.pdf
198.
Smokeless tobacco use is higher among males (6.2%) than females (.4%) for people aged 12 or older.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Table 2: "Percentages of Persons Aged 12 or Older Using Smokeless Tobacco in the Past Month, by Demographic and Geographic Characteristics: 2002 to 2007". URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm
199.
Among males aged 12 to 17, smokeless tobacco use has increased significantly-from 3.4 percent in 2002 to 4.4 percent in 2007.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Figure 1. URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm
200.
In 2005, the vast majority of secondary school students who used smokeless tobacco users were male.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance-United States, 2005. Current Smokeless Tobacco Use section. CDC Surveillance Summaries 2005;55(SS05):1-108. Table 26. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5505a1.htm#tab26
201.
2.2% of youths aged 12 to 17 started using smokeless tobacco in the past 12 months. 1.8% of young adults aged 18 to 25 and 0.1% of adults aged 26 or older began using smokeless tobacco during the same timeframe.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Use, by Demographic Characteristics. URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm
202.
In 2007, among adults aged 26 or older, 3% had used smokeless tobacco in the past month. Among youths aged 12 to 17, the rate was 2.2%, and among young adults aged 18 to 25, the rate was 5% percent.

Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Table 2: "Percentages of Persons Aged 12 or Older Using Smokeless Tobacco in the Past Month, by Demographic and Geographic Characteristics: 2002 to 2007". URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm
203.
Smokeless tobacco use among men declined between 1987 and 2000. The largest declines were among those aged 18 to 24 years, people 65 years and older, African-Americans, residents of the South, and persons in more rural areas.

Source: American Public Health Association. "Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 2006. AM J Public Health. 2006. May 96(5). 897-905. David E. Nelson, MD, MPH, Paul Mowery, MS., Scott Tomar, DMD, Dr. PH, Stephen Marcus, PhD., Gary Giovino, PhD, and Luhua Zhao, MS. In Abstract. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1470594 Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000. Page 69 of 463. URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/L/Q/_/nnbblq.pdf
204.
Revenues from smokeless tobacco sales totaled $2.59 billion in 2006.

Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 2 of PDF; page 1 of report. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
205.
The five major smokeless manufacturers spent a total of $354.1 million on advertising andpromotion in 2006, an increase from the $250.8 million spent in 2005.

Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 3 of PDF; page 2 of report. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
206.
In 2006, smokeless tobacco companies reported spending $203.7 million on price discounts (payments made to smokeless tobacco retailers or wholesalers in order to reduce the price of smokeless tobacco to consumers).

Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 3 of PDF; page 2 of report. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
207.
77.44 million pounds of moist snuff were sold in 2006--more than the combined sales of all ofthe other types of smokeless tobacco. Moist snuff also continued to receive the most advertising and promotional support from smokeless tobacco companies.

Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 8 of PDF; page 7 of report. URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf
208.
Smokeless tobacco is addictive.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, 1986. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NIH Pub. No. 86-2874. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/F/C/_/nnbbfc.pdf
209.
Smokeless tobacco use causes oral cancer, lesions, and gum recession.

Source: American Public Health Association. "Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States." American Journal of Public Health 2006. AM J Public Health. 2006. May 96(5). 897-905. David E. Nelson, MD, MPH, Paul Mowery, MS., Scott Tomar, DMD, Dr. PH, Stephen Marcus, PhD., Gary Giovino, PhD, and Luhua Zhao, MS. In Abstract. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1470594
210.
Smokeless tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer.

Source: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Summaries and Evaluations Tobacco Products, Smokeless (Group 1); February 1998. URL: http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/suppl7/tobaccosmokeless.html
211.
Long-term smokeless tobacco users may be up to fifty times more likely to have cancers of the cheek and gum than non-users.

Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2009. Page 48. URL: http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/pdf/Us_Cancer_Facts.pdf
212.
Using smokeless tobacco is also associated with gum recession, dental caries, and dental staining and abrasion.

Source: "Youth and Tobacco: Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People." A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, D.C., 20402. 1995. Page 33 of 219. URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/L/Q/_/nnbclq.pdf
213.
Because nicotine from smokeless tobacco is absorbed through the mouth, it takes longer to produce an effect than if it were absorbed through the lungs. But using cigarettes and smokeless tobacco really do result in the same amount of nicotine intake.

Source: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Hatsukami, D. K., and Severson, Herbert H."Oral spit tobacco: addiction, prevention, and treatment." March 1, 1999. 1: 21-44. Page 4 of PDF; page 24 of report. URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qyo71d00/pdf Source: The American Journal of Medical Sciences. Severson, Herbert H. PhD."What Have We Learned From 20 Years of Research on Smokeless Tobacco Cessation?" Tobacco Update: Scientific Advances, Clinical Perspectives. October 2003. Volume 326, Issue 4: pp 206-211. Abstract. URL: http://bit.ly/foQBQi
214.
An average of 4.5mg of nicotine is absorbed from 7.9g of chewing tobacco and an average of 3.6mg of nicotine is absorbed from 2.5g moist snuff.

Source: National Cancer Institute. Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Tobacco Control Research. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monographs: Monograph 2: Smokeless Tobacco or Health: An International Perspective. "Pharmacology of Smokeless Tobacco Use: Nicotine Addiction and Nicotine-Related Health Consequences. Chapter 4." Neal L. Benowitz. Page 3 of 28. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/2/m2_4.pdf
215.
One tobacco company brainstormed reaching its target consumer from ice cream trucks.

Source: OTHER WAYS TO REACH THE TARGET Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. October 2, 1989. Page 1 of 18. Access Date: September 15, 2004 Bates No.: 507176999-507177016 URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/iuh28c00/pdf;jsessionid= ADB9F1223D7FBE241F08AEBF727C6111
216.
Candy-flavored cigarettes are now illegal. But Big Tobacco still sells other tobacco products in over 45 candy flavors.

http://www.thetruth.com/facts/downloads/fact_216_sources.pdf
217.
In 2010, tobacco will kill 6 million people worldwide.

Source: McKay, J and Eriksen M. The Tobacco Atlas. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38 of PDF. URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf
218.
In 2007, Camel sold pink and teal-packaged cigarettes which attracted young girls.

Source: NEW STUDY: CAMEL NO.9 CIGARETTE CAMPAIGN A FAVORITE AMONG TEEN GIRLS. Legacy document. March 15, 2010 URL: https://www.legacyforhealth.org/3620.aspx Camel No. 9 Cigarette-Marketing Campaign Targeted Young Teenage Girls. Pierce, John P. PHD, Messer, Karen, PHD, Healton, Cheryl G. DrPH Pediatrics. March 15, 2010. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20231181
219.
Nicotine is as addictive as heroin, cocaine and alcohol.

Source: Henningfield JE, Schuh LM, Heishman SJ. Pharmacological Determinants of Cigarette Smoking. In: Clarke P.B.S., Quik, M., Adlkofer, F.X., Thurau, K. (eds) Effects of Nicotine on Biological Systems II, International Symposium on Nicotine. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag, pp.247-256, 1995. (see table 1)
220.
Chronic exposure to heavy metals like lead, arsenic and cadmium can affect the brain. They're all found in cigarette smoke.

SOURCE: The effects of arsenic exposure on the nervous system, Toxicology Letters; Issued: 2003. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378427403002625 To access: must purchase PDF ------------------------------------------------------------------------ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web Site. Arsenic Compounds. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/arsenic.html CDC. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/data_tables/Arsenic_ChemicalInformation.html --------------------------------------------- The Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain, Center for Health Sciences; Issued: 2007. http://www.springerlink.com/content/a21563553h724255/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Cadmium toxicity in synaptic neurotransmission in the brain, Brain Research; Issued: 2000. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301020224 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke, Tobacco Control; Issued: 2011. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/12/4/424.short ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 176-180 of PDF. URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf
221.
In 1989, one tobacco company called the threat of an acute deficiency of young smokers the "doomsday scenario."

Source: WINSTON 1990+. The Legacy Tobacco Documents Library; Issued 2009. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/iin76b00
222.
Chemicals that seep out of cigarette butts can be acutely toxic to fish and micro-organisms.

Sources Micevska T, Warne MS, Pablo F, Patra R. Variation in, and causes of, toxicity of cigarette butts to a cladoceran and microtox. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. Feb 2006;50(2):205-212. http://www.springerlink.com/content/p433v47q31282841/ (see abstract results) Register K. Cigarette Butts as Litter-Toxic as Well as Ugly. Underwater Naturalist, Bulletin of the American Littoral Society. 2000;5(2). http://www.longwood.edu/cleanva/ciglitterarticle.htm (see Conclusion) Slaughter E, Gersberg R, Watanabe K, Rudolph J, Novotny TE. Toxicity of Cigarette Butts, and their Chemical Components, to Marine and Freshwater Fish. Tob Control. 2011;20(Supplement 1):i23-i27. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/20/Suppl_1/i25.full (see abstract results and conclusion of abstract)
223.
One cigarette butt soaked in a liter of water killed half of the fish exposed in a study in a laboratory setting.

Source: Slaughter E, Gersberg R, Watanabe K, Rudolph J, Novotny TE. Toxicity of Cigarette Butts, and their Chemical Components, to Marine and Freshwater Fish. Tob Control. 2011;20(Supplement 1):i23-i27. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/20/Suppl_1/i25.full (see abstract results and conclusion of abstract)