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  1. 1 In the U.S., about 50,000 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related diseases.
    +

    Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053.
    URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1

  2. 2 In the U.S., 30,000 to 60,000 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related heart disease.
    +

    Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053.
    URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1

  3. 3 Of current smokers in the U.S., 2,633,000 have chronic bronchitis from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  4. 4 Of current smokers in the U.S., 1,273,000 have emphysema from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  5. 5 Of current smokers in the U.S., 358,000 have a cancer other than lung cancer from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  6. 6 Of current smokers in the U.S., 46,000 have lung cancer from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  7. 7 Of current smokers in the U.S., 384,000 have had a stroke from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  8. 8 Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,872,000 have chronic bronchitis from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  9. 9 Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,743,000 have emphysema from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  10. 10 Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,755,000 have had a heart attack from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  11. 11 Of former smokers in the U.S., 1,154,000 have a cancer other than lung cancer from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  12. 12 Of former smokers in the U.S., 138,000 have lung cancer from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  13. 13 Of former smokers in the U.S., 637,000 have had a stroke from smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm#tab

  14. 14 In the U.S., smoking results in 5.1 million years of potential life lost each year.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5802a2.htm

  15. 15 Smoking causes impaired lung growth during childhood and adolescence.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The 2004 Surgeon General's Report—The Health Consequences of Smoking. Chapter 4. Respiratory Diseases. Page 43, continued on page 47, of PDF.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter4.pdf

  16. 16 Since 1964, there have been 94,000 tobacco-related fetal and infant deaths in the U.S.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "The Health Consequences of Smoking:The 2004 Surgeon General's Report. What It Means To You." Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 27 of 36.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/whatitmeanstoyou.pdf

  17. 17 Cigarette smokers are 20 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers.
    +

    Source: CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “2004 Surgeon General's Report—The Health Consequences of Smoking”. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 9 of 326 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter2.pdf

  18. 18 In 2000, 49% of middle school students who were regular smokers said they wanted to quit.
    +

    Source: Holden DJ, Hund LM, Gable JM, Mowery P. Legacy First Look Report 11. Youth Tobacco Cessation: Results from the 2000 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington dc: American Legacy Foundation. July 2003.
    Category: Quitting Smoking. Page 7 of 35.
    URL: http://repositories.cdlib.org/context/tc/article/1207/type/pdf/viewcontent/

  19. 19 One cigarette company biologically engineered tobacco plants to have twice the normal level of nicotine.
    +

    Source: American Legacy Documents Library Online. Transcript of Deposition.
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. WRITTEN EXAMINATION OF JEFFREY WIGAND, Ph.D. January 26, 1994. Page 60 of 76 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/giq07a00/pdf?search=%22jeffrey%20wigand%20january%2026%201994%22

    Source: Lewan T. Dark Secrets of Tobacco Company Exposed. Tobacco Control, 1997. v.7: 315-319.
    URL: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com.lrc1.usuhs.edu/cgi/reprint/7/3/315

  20. 20 Nicotine reaches the brain within 10 seconds after smoke is inhaled.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 6. Page 616.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/00_pdfs/ chapter6.pdf

  21. 21 Cigarette smoke contains about 4800 chemicals.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages: 175 of 251 in PDF. Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  22. 22 599 additives are on the composite list released to the government in 1994 by tobacco companies of what may be added to cigarettes. This list includes all ingredients that are used although it does not tell which companies they are used by or which brands they are used in.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page: 175 of 251 in PDF. Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: Title 15, Chapter 36 – Cigarette Labeling and Advertising (1335a. List of cigarette ingredients; annual submission to Secretary; transmittal to Congress; confidentiality. Page: 4 to 5 of 7 in PDF.
    Source: Federal Trade Commission Access Date: October 24, 2005
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/tobacco/Title15_Ch36.pdf

  23. 23 2-Naphthylamine, 4-Aminobiphenyl, Benzene, Vinyl Chloride, Ethylene Oxide, Arsenic, Beryllium, Nickel, Chromium (only hexavalent), Cadmium, and Polonium-210 are human carcinogens found in tobacco smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 176-180 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  24. 24 Nicotine is in tobacco smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 178 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  25. 25 Nicotine is addictive.
    +

    Source: U.S.Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1988.
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/Z/D/segments.html

  26. 26 Ammonia is in tobacco smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 178 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  27. 27 Ammonia boosts the impact of nicotine.
    +

    Source: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute. Risks Associated with Smoking
    Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Pages: 189 of 251 in PDF or Page 174.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: Wells, K. Technology Handbook. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Brown and Williamson. August 22, 1995. Pages: 6 of 59 in PDF.
    Access Date: June 4, 2003.
    Bates No: 505500002/0060.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=tad33f00&fmt=pdf&ref=results

  28. 28 Benzene is in tobacco smoke. Benzene causes cancer.
    +

    Benzene is in Cigarettes
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 176 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Sufficient Proof Exists of Benzene's Carcinogenity to Humans
    Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 5, within list.
    URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf

  29. 29 Arsenic is in tobacco smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  30. 30 Acetaldehyde is in tobacco smoke. Acetaldehyde is a hazardous air pollutant.
    +

    Acetaldehyde is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 179 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Acetaldehyde is a Hazardous Air Pollutant
    Source: National Toxicology Program. Department of Health and Human Services. Acetaldehyde substance profile.
    URL: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s001acet.pdf

  31. 31 Carbon monoxide is in tobacco smoke. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas which can cause death.
    +

    Carbon monoxide is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 185 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and can cause death.
    Source: EPA. An Introduction to Indoor Air Qualit: Carbon Monoxide
    URL: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html#Health%20Effects%20Associated%20with%20Carbon%20Monoxide

  32. 32 Chromium is in tobacco smoke. Chromium contributes to cancer.
    +

    Chromium is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Chromium is carcinogenic for humans
    Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 6 of 24 of PDF (within list).
    URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf

  33. 33 Nicotine has been found in the breast milk of animals exposed to tobacco.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 5, Page 564 of Report.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter5.pdf

  34. 34 Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S.
    + »

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA. Executive Summary. Page 13 of 20 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/executivesummary.pdf

  35. 35 Radioactive Polonium-210 is found in cigarette smoke. Polonium-210 contributes to cancer.
    +

    Radioactive polonium-210 is found in cigarette smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of 261 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Polonium-210 contributes to cancer
    Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy K. The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. July 2001. Vol. 14, No. 7. Page 6 of 24 of PDF (see table).
    URL: http://www.starscientific.com/papersstatements/Hoffmann%20Article.pdf

  36. 36 In the U.S., 443,000 people die a tobacco-related death every year.
    + »

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  37. 37 In the U.S.,128,922 people die each year from lung, trachea, and bronchus cancers caused by smoking. 3,400 of these deaths result from secondhand smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  38. 38 In the U.S., 35,326 people die each year from cancers other than lung, trachea, and bronchus caused by smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  39. 39 174,497 people die from smoking-related and secondhand smoke related cardiovascular diseases each year.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  40. 40 103,338 people die from smoking-related respiratory diseases each year (pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, chronic airways obstruction).
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  41. 41 In the U.S., 3,400 people die each year from secondhand smoke-related lung cancer.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  42. 42 In the U.S., tobacco kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs, and fires combined.
    + »

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

    Source: Heron, M., Hoyert, D.L., Murphy, S.L., Xu, J., Kochanek, K.D., and Tejada-Vera, B. "Deaths: Final Data for 2006." National Vital Statistics Report. April 17 2009.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf

  43. 43 Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke. Hydrogen cyanide exposure causes cardiovascular and respiratory illness.
    +

    Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Hydrogen cyanide cardiovascular and respiratory effects
    Source: US Department of Health and Human Services. Medical Management Guidelines for Hydrogen Cyanide.
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg8.html

  44. 44 The tobacco industry spends about $12.5 billion on advertising and promotions in a year.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission: Cigarette Report for 2006. Released in 2009.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812cigarettereport.pdf

  45. 45 Since 1964, there have been more than 12 million tobacco-related deaths in the U.S.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 30 of 34 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter1.pdf

  46. 46 About 90% of lung cancer deaths among women who continue to smoke are tobacco related.
    +

    Source: U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2001. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In “Chapter 1 Summary”. Page 13 in full text.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm

  47. 47 In the U.S., 1200 people die every day from tobacco related disease.
    + »

    In the U.S. 1200 people a day die from tobacco related disease (443,000 / 365 = 1213.70)
    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  48. 48 Cigarettes and other smoking materials are the number one cause of fire deaths in the U.S.
    + »

    Source: National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division. U.S. Smoking Material Fire Problem. John R. Hall, Jr. November 2008. Page 11 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files//PDF/OS.Smoking.pdf

  49. 49 If current trends continue, by the year 2020, tobacco is projected to kill about 7 million people a year worldwide.
    +

    Source: World Health Organization. Tobacco Atlas (2009). Pg.38
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  50. 50 In 1974, a tobacco company explored targeting customers as young as 14.
    +

    Source: RJR. Domestic Operating Goals and Assumptions. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Reynolds Tobacco Company. November 21, 1974. Bates No:500796976/6983. Page 2 of PDF.
    URL: http://tobaccodocuments.org/ftc_rjr/CX000051.html?pattern=&ocr_position=&rotation=0&zoom=750&start_page=1&end_page=8

  51. 51 Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to secondhand smoke in infancy double the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
    +

    Source: Anderson, H.R. and D.G. Cook. 1997. Health Effects of Passive Smoking-2: Passive Smoking and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. Thorax 52:1003-1009.
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9487351

  52. 52 Maternal smoking during pregnancy and exposure to secondhand smoke in infancy results in the deaths of 776 infants every year in the U.S.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  53. 53 Over 8.5 million Americans live with tobacco-related illnesses.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm

  54. 54 1,893 U.S. smokers died in 2008 from smoking-related atherosclerosis.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  55. 55 736 people die each year in the U.S. from smoking-related fires.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  56. 56 7.5% of African American middle school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Attributable Morbidity - United States, 2000. MMWR 2003; 52(35) 842-844.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm

  57. 57 9.9% of African American high school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: 2006 National Youth Tobacco Survey. 2006 NYTS Data and Documentation. Table 2: "Percentage of students in high school (grades 9–12) who were current users of any tobacco product, by product type, sex, and race/ethnicity— United States, 2004 and 2006."
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/surveys/nyts/pdfs/table_2_06.pdf

  58. 58 In the U.S., 9.9% of all adult Asian Americans smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  59. 59 In the U.S., 15.7% of Asian American men smoke compared to 4.7% of Asian American women.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  60. 60 3.4% of white U.S. middle school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  61. 61 17.5% of white U.S. high school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  62. 62 In the U.S., 22% of white adults smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  63. 63 In the U.S., 15.8% of all Hispanic adults smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  64. 64 In the U.S., 10.8% of Hispanic high school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  65. 65 Every year, tobacco-related disease kills about 174,000 women in the US.
    +

    Source: CDC. Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008;57(45):1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  66. 66 In the U.S., 26% of middle school, and 21% of high school students who smoke, smoke Newport.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm

  67. 67 In the U.S., light cigarette use is significantly higher among high school smokers (41%) than among middle school smokers (28%).
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  68. 68 In the U.S., 25% of middle and high school boys and 31% of middle and high school girls smoke light cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  69. 69 In 2006, U.S. consumers spent an estimated $90.7 billion on tobacco products.
    +

    Source: Capehart, Tom. Expenditures for Tobacco Products and Disposable Personal Income, 1989–2005. Compiled from reports of the United States Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service online. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Table 21. Page 43 of 50 of PDF titled "Tobacco Briefing Room".
    URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Archive/Tobacco/.

  70. 70 In 1984, a tobacco company called younger adult smokers "replacement smokers."
    +

    Source: Burrows DS. Strategic Research report. Younger Adult Smokers: Strategies and oportunities. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. February 29, 1984. Access Date: June 4, 2003. Bates No: 508783540. Page 10 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/swx83d00/pdf?search=% 22508783540%22

  71. 71 In 1972, a tobacco company considered adding honey to cigarettes because teenagers like sweet products.
    +

    Source: Marketing Innovations, Inc. "Project Report: Youth Cigarette - New Concepts." Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation. September 1972. Bates No: 170042014.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wwq54a99/pdf?search=%2217 0042014%22

  72. 72 The tobacco industry increased its spending on advertisements and promotions by $2.7 billion between 2002 and 2003.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2004 and 2005. Issued 2007. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/reports/tobacco/2007cigarette2004-2005.pdf

  73. 73 In 1985, one tobacco company brainstormed targeting potential smokers in school bathrooms, playgrounds, YMCAs, and city parks.
    +

    Source: XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. February 26, 1985. Access Date: March 14, 2005. Bates Number: 505412643/2682
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00/pdf?search= %22505412643%202682%22

  74. 74 Cigarette companies advertised "light" cigarettes as less harmful to the smoker, although they can deliver the same levels of tar and nicotine.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 21 and 245-246.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  75. 75 In 1993, one tobacco company executive thought it would be a good idea to have his employees mail "grassroots" complaints to airlines about their smoking bans, pretending to be regular customers.
    +

    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Philip Morris Collection, 1993. Page 1.
    Access Date: October 21, 2005.
    Bates No: 2024203673
    Fact Created: 6/4/1998
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=zha35e00&fmt=pdf&ref=results

    Source: "Philip Morris Glossary of names: W". Legacy Documents Library.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/glossaries/pm_gloss_w.jsp

  76. 76 Tobacco companies actually went to court to fight for the right to keep tobacco advertising near high schools. They won. Congrats, Big Tobacco!
    +

    Source: In the Supreme Court of the United States LORILLARD TOBACCO CO., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. THOMAS F. REILLY, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS; ALTADIS U.S.A. INC., ETC., ET AL., PETITIONERS v. THOMAS F. REILLY, ATTORNEY GENERAL OF MASSACHUSETTS. Nos. 00-596 and 00-597. 1997. Access Date: June 14, 2005.
    URL: http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/00-596/2000-0596.mer.ami.html

  77. 77 In 1993, the Supreme Court decided that an inmate could sue a prison claiming that exposure to his cellmate’s secondhand smoke could constitute cruel and unusual punishment.
    +

    Source: Supreme Court of the United States Helling v. McKinney (91-1958), 509 U.S. 25 (1993). Access Date: June 15, 2005. Pages 1 and 5.
    URL: http://supreme.justia.com/us/509/25/case.html

  78. 78 In 1989, one tobacco company’s ideas for reaching minority customers included to "be seen as a friend," "build on black history", and "help them find jobs."
    +

    Source: SALEM BLACK INITIATIVE PROGRAM BRAND TEAM IDEATION SESSION, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, R.J. Reynolds, August 3, 1989. Bates No: 507137652/7666. Access Date: October 23, 2005. Page 4.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/wug34d00/pdf?search=% 22507137652%207666%22

  79. 79 In 1995, a major tobacco company planned to boost cigarette sales by targeting homeless people. They called their plan "Project SCUM: Sub Culture Urban Marketing."
    +

    Source: Project SCUM. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J.Reynolds. December 12, 1995. Bates Number: 518021121/1129.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/mum76d00/pdf?search =%22518021121%201129%22

  80. 80 A tobacco company once gave $125,000 worth of food to a charity, according to an estimate by The Wall Street Journal. Then, they spent well over $22 million telling people about it. I guess when you sell a deadly, addictive product, you need all the good PR you can get.
    +

    Source: BRANCH,S. PHILIP MORRIS' AD ON MACARONI AND PEACE - KOSOVO TALE NARROWS GAP BETWEEN PHILANTHROPY, PUBLICITY. DOW JONES; WALL STREET JOURNAL. Philip Morris. Legacy Tobacco Document Library. July 24, 2001.
    Access Date: July 19, 2005
    Bates Number: 2085774391A/4392
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pmu41c00/pdf

    Source: Ad*Views. $22,959,418 spent on media buy for “Refugee camp/Helicopter/ Woman/Boy” spot in 2001
    Media: Television
    Market: National
    Period: Jan 1, 2001 – Dec 20, 2001

  81. 81 In 1997, a Big Tobacco executive once said, under oath, that he believed Gummy Bears were addictive like cigarettes.
    + »

    Source: Deposition of JAMES J. MORGAN, April 17, 1997, NORMA R. BROIN, ET AL., PLAINTIFFS, VS. PHILIP MORRIS COMPANIES, INC., DEFENDANTS. CASE NO. 91-49738 CA 22. HOWARD A. ENGLE, M.D., ET AL., PLAINTIFFS, VS. RJ REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, ETC., ET AL., DEFENDANTS. CASE NO. 94-08273 CA 20. Page 13 of 45 of PDF. Page 78 of real report.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. April 17, 1997.
    Bates Number: 2063670882/0926
    Access Date: November 4, 2005
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hkd38d00/pdf

  82. 82 In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with M&M’s.
    +

    Source: THE STATE OF MINNESOTA BY HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, III, ITS ATTORNEY GENERAL, VS. PHILIP MORRIS INCORPORATED. DEPOSITION OF CALUDE E. TEAGUE, JR. WITH EXHIBITS 1088-1100 PLUS EXHIBIT A. Page 19 of 336 in PDF. Page 104 of real report.
    Authors: TEAGUE CE JR;STIREWALT & ASSOC. R. J. Reynolds. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. July 8-11, 1997. Access Date: July 5, 2005.
    Bates Number: 517144081/4416
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ugn82d00/pdf

  83. 83 In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with coffee.
    +

    Souce: Hearing Of The House Energy & Commerce Committee Subcommittee On Health And The Environment, On Nicotine And Cigarettes. American Tobacco. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 14, 1994. Access Date: July 21, 2005. Page 18 of 155 of PDF.
    Bates Number: 980155542/5696
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pfy84f00/pdf

  84. 84 In the past, Big Tobacco has compared the addictiveness of cigarettes with that of television.
    +

    Source: Hearing Of The House Energy & Commerce Committee Subcommittee On Health And The Environment, On Nicotine And Cigarettes. American Tobacco. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 14, 1994. Access Date: July 21, 2005. Page 18 of 155 of PDF.
    Bates Number: 980155542/5696
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pfy84f00/pdf

  85. 85 U.S. adults below the poverty level have an average smoking rate of 31.5% compared to 19.6% for people at or above the poverty level.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  86. 86 Higher smoking rates are associated with lower education levels.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1227.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  87. 87 90% of lung cancer is attributable to tobacco products.
    +

    Source: U.S Department of Health and Human Services. 2001. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. p.13.
    URL: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/womenandtobacco/

  88. 88 In the U.S., 60.9% of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily tried to quit smoking cigarettes
    +

    Source: CDC. High School Students Who Tried to Quit Smoking Cigarettes-United States, 2007. May 1, 2009. 58(16);428-431.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5816a4.htm

  89. 89 During 2000-2004, annual smoking-attributable medical expenditures were estimated at $96 billion.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  90. 90 During 2000-2004, smoking-attributable productivity losses totaled $96.8 billion per year.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  91. 91 During 2000-2004, smoking-attributable health care costs and productivity losses totaled $193 billion per year.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  92. 92 In 2006, a judge ruled that Big Tobacco had been engaged in a 50-year-long scheme to deceive the public about the dangers of smoking. Lies suck too. 
    +

    Source: CNNMoney.com. "Judge rules against Big Tobacco. August 18, 2006.
    URL: http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/17/news/companies/tobacco_ruling/index.htm

    Source: United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Gladys Kessler, United States District Court Judge. “Final Opinion”. Civil Action No. 99-2496 (GK). August 17, 2006. Introduction/Overview, page 1-4. (Also page 219, 259, 293, 330, 479, 655, 819, 1397.)
    URL: http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/doj/FinalOpinion.pdf

  93. 93 In 2008, 48.8% of people for whom their high school diploma was their highest level of educational attainment who have ever smoked reported that they had successfully quit.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  94. 94 About 20% of African American youth are exposed to secondhand smoke in the home.
    +

    Source: American Legacy Foundation. Secondhand Smoke--Youth Exposure and Adult Attitudes--Results from Three National Surveys. Supplemental Tables. Table S-5. Prevalence of Secondhand Smoke Exposure (Ages 12–17) -1999–2003 LMTS.
    URL: http://www.legacyforhealth.org/PDFPublications/fl_14_tables.pdf

  95. 95 In 2000, 68.4% of African Americans reported wanting to quit smoking and 45% reported making a quit attempt.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645.
    Category: African Americans
    Fact Created: 10/19/2004
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm

  96. 96 In the U.S., 0.9% of Asian American middle school students smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  97. 97 28% of U.S. middle school students who smoke use light cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  98. 98 41% of U.S. high school students who smoke use light cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  99. 99 In the U.S. in 2008, over 80.7% of people with a graduate degree who had ever smoked reported that they had successfully quit.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  100. 100 In the U.S., 6% of Asian American high school students smoke cigarettes.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  101. 101 In the U.S., smoking-attributable productivity losses for men are approximately $64.2 billion per year
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  102. 102 In the U.S., smoking-attributable productivity losses for women are approximately $32.6 billion per year.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  103. 103 In the U.S., 20.7% of Hispanic men smoke, compared to 10.7% of Hispanic women.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  104. 104 In the U.S., 50% of Asian Americans who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  105. 105 In the U.S., 43% of Hispanics who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  106. 106 In 2008, adults whose highest level of academic achievement was below the equivalent of a high school diploma had the lowest rates of successfully quitting smoking in the U.S.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1230.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  107. 107 In 2008, more than 48 million Americans had successfully quit smoking.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  108. 108 How do infants avoid secondhand smoke? "At some point they begin to crawl." Tobacco Executive, 1996.
    +

    Source: UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, . CA No. 99-2496(GK). March 17, 2005. Plaintiff, 9:32 a.m., v. PHILIP MORRIS USA, et al., Defendants. Washington, D.C.
    Quote from Charles Harper, R.J. Reynolds Chairman. Page 89.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/exo11b00/pdf?search=%22at%20some%20point%20they%20begin%20to%20crawl%22

  109. 109 34.1% of middle school students report seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media Among Middle School and High School Students-- United States, 2004. MMWR 2005;54:297-301.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm

  110. 110 39.2% of high school students report seeing advertisements for tobacco products on the Internet.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Tobacco Use, Access, and Exposure to Tobacco in Media Among Middle School and High School Students-- United States, 2004. MMWR 2005;54:297-301.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm

  111. 111 The tobacco industry spends about $34 million a day on advertising and promotions.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission: Cigarette Report for 2006. Released in 2009.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812cigarettereport.pdf

  112. 112 According to one tobacco company VP, in 2001, a company name change could focus attention away from tobacco.
    + »

    Source: SPECTOR,J . DIRECTION FOR ALTRIA. Philip Morris. Email.
    American Legacy Documents. November 30, 2001.
    Access Date: June 30, 2005.
    Bates Number: 2085246857
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ura22c00/pdf

    Source: Ackman, D. FORBES.COM MORRIS PHILIP HAS IT BACKWARDS.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris. Oct. 2001.
    Access Date: June 14, 2005
    Bates No.: 2085780183A/0184. Page 1.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fhz10c00/pdf

    Source: Schwartz, J. PHILIP MORRIS TO CHANGE NAME TO ALTRIA COMPANY WOULD DIVERT ATTENTION FROM TOBACCO. NY TIMES.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris November 16, 2001. Access Date: June 14, 2005
    Bates Number: 2085240233/0234. Page 1.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/giz12c00/pdf

    Source: WHEN A COMPANY OUTGROWS ITS NAME ALTRIA.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Phillip Morris. 2001. Page 1.
    Access Date: June 14, 2005
    Bates Number: 2085240300
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ahz12c00/pdf

  113. 113 In the U.S., 23.5% of white men smoke compared to 20.6% of white women.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  114. 114 In the U.S., 43% of Black middle school students who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  115. 115 In the U.S., 66% of Black high school students who smoke use regular/full flavor cigarettes.
    +

    Source: Vilsaint MC, et al. Legacy First Look Report 13. Cigarette Smoking Among Youth: Results from the 2002 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. June 2004. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/fl_13.pdf

  116. 116 It is estimated that as many as 22% of pregnant women and girls smoke.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm

  117. 117 18.3% of women in the U.S. smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229. Table.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  118. 118 Pregnant women who smoke increase their risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and SIDS.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Chapter 5. Page 3 of 86 of PDF of Chapter 5.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter5.pdf

  119. 119 In the U.S. in 2007, 53.1% of current young adult smokers were able to quit smoking for more than a day.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults-United States, 2007. MMWR 2008; November 14, 2008. 57(45);1221-1226.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a2.htm

  120. 120 In the U.S., only 5.7% of people with a graduate degree are current smokers.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1227.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  121. 121 The majority of smokers begin before the age of 18 (nearly 80% before age 18, and nearly 90% before age 20).
    +

    Source: Calculated based on data in Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2007. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
    URL: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k7nsduh/2k7Results.pdf

  122. 122 1 out of 3 smokers begin smoking before the age of 14.
    +

    Source: Mowery PD, Brick PD, Farrelly MC. Legacy First Look Report 3. Pathways to Established smoking: Results from the 1999 National Youth Tobacco Survey. Washington DC: American Legacy Foundation. October 2000.)
    URL: http://www.americanlegacy.org/PDFPublications/Youth_and_Smoking_-_2.08_-_FINAL.pdf

  123. 123 Every day, about 3,900 youth ages 12 to 17 try a cigarette for the first time.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2004). 2003 National Survey on Drug Use & Health: Detailed Tables. Table 2.31A Cigarette Use in Lifetime, Past Year, and Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 17, by Demographic Characteristics: Numbers in Thousands, 2002 and 2003.
    URL: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k4nsduh/2k4tabs/Sect2peTabs1to57.htm#tab2.15a

  124. 124 Every day, about 1,500 youth become daily smokers.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2005). Results from the 2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Office of Applied Studies, NSDUH Series H-28, DHHS Publication No. SMA 05-4062). Rockville, MD.
    URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/NSDUH/2k4NSDUH/2k4results/2k4results.htm#ch5

  125. 125 About one third of youth smokers will eventually die from a tobacco-related disease.
    + »

    Source: PERSPECTIVES in Health. Volume 2- No. 2. 1997.
    “Tobacco: the next World War?” Pan American Health Organization. World Health Organization website.
    URL: http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/Number4_article5.htm

  126. 126 In just one year, cigarettes leave about 12,000 kids motherless. That's 33 mothers a day.
    +

    Source: Leistikow BN, Martin DC, Milano CE, 2000. Estimates of smoking-attributable deaths at ages 15-24, motherless or fatherless youths, and resulting Social Security costs in the United States in 1994. Preventive Medicine, 30(5) 252-360.
    URL: http://leistikow.ucdavis.edu/BereftYouths.pdf

  127. 127 In just one year, cigarettes leave about 31,000 kids fatherless.
    +

    Source: Leistikow BN, Martin DC, Milano CE, 2000. Estimates of smoking-attributable deaths at ages 15-24, motherless or fatherless youths, and resulting Social Security costs in the United States in 1994. Preventive Medicine, 30(5) 252-360. Page 2 of 4 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.sdsma.org/documents/Amundson.pdf

  128. 128 3.0% of U.S. middle school students smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  129. 129 14.3% of U.S. high school students smoke.
    +

    Source: CDC. Bloch, A.B., et al. Cigarette Brand Preference Among Middle and High School Students Who Are Established Smokers --- United States, 2004 and 2006
    United States, 2009. February 13, 2009 / 58(05);112-115.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5805a3.htm#tab1

  130. 130 About 70% of smokers say they want to quit.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm

  131. 131 In 2008, 45% of U.S. smokers quit for at least a day.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and Trends in Smoking Cessation- United States, 2008. MMWR 2009; 58(44): 1229.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5844.pdf

  132. 132 Each year only 4.7% of smokers succeed in quitting.
    +

    Source: CDC. Cigarette Smoking Among Adults- United States, 2000. MMWR 2002; 51(29): 642-645.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a3.htm

  133. 133 Every 6.5 seconds, someone in the world dies from a smoking-related disease.
    + »

    Source: World Health Organization. (2005) "Why is tobacco a world health priority?"
    URL: http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/

  134. 134 In 1985, one tobacco vice president wondered, in reference to smoking-related deaths, if we should ban sleep since according to him the majority of people die in their sleep.
    +

    Source: SMOKING & HEALTH 'THE SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY.' TI AUSTRALIA. PHILIP MORRIS. May 14, 1985. Page 11 of 15 in PDF.
    Access Date: October 10, 2004
    Bates Number: 2501114892/4906
    Master Document Id Range: 2501114892/4932
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/qpd29e00/pdf

    Proof that John Dollisson is a VP:
    Source: Philip Morris Glossary of Names, D
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/glossaries/pm_gloss_d.jsp

  135. 135 In 1997, one tobacco company CEO said he would probably "instantly" shut his doors " to get a better hold on things " if it were proved to his satisfaction that smoking causes cancer. That same company now admits on their website that smoking causes cancer, but they’re still open for business.
    +

    Source: DEPOSITION OF GEOFFREY C. BIBLE TAKEN AT THE INSTANCE OF PLAINTIFFS IN THE FIFTEENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT COURT IN AND FOR PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA CASE NO. CL 95-1466 AH THE STATE OF FLORIDA, ET AL., PLAINTIFF, VS. THE AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANY, ET AL., DEFENDANTS. American Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. August 21, 1997
    Access Date: September 18, 2005. Page: 8 in PDF (Page 27 in that page).
    Bates Number: 2081843112/3136
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/cgi/getdoc?tid=car80c00&fmt=pdf&ref=results

    Source: Philip Morris USA official website
    URL: http://www.philipmorrisusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Health_Issues/Cigarette_Smoking_and_Disease/default.aspx?src=top_nav

  136. 136 Tobacco accounts for one out of every ten deaths worldwide and claimed 5.5 million lives in 2009 alone.
    +

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 8.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  137. 137 Every year, 394,000 loyal tobacco customers in the U.S. are awarded with premature death.
    +

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

    Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. JAMA 1995; 273(13) 1047-1053.
    URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/83/1/1

  138. 138 12 million cigarettes per minute will be smoked around the world every single day in 2010.
    +

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  139. 139 The U.S., China, Russian Federation, Japan, and Indonesia were the top five countries that consume more than half of the world’s cigarettes in 2007.
    +

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32 and 33.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  140. 140 There were 100 million deaths worldwide from tobacco use in the 20th century.
    +

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  141. 141 There could be 1 billion tobacco deaths worldwide in the 21st century if current trends continue.
    + »

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  142. 142 One half of all lifetime smokers will die prematurely as a result of smoking.
    + »

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004. Page 873.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter7.pdf

  143. 143 Smoking is responsible for the premature deaths of approximately 3 million women since 1980.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5112a4.htm

  144. 144 9% of college students smoke daily.
    +

    Source: Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Figure 9-15b.
    URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf

  145. 145 18% of U.S. college students smoke.
    +

    Source: Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Page 25 of actual report.
    URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf

  146. 146 31% of young adults who are college age, but do not attend college, smoke.
    +

    Source: Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Figure 9-15a.
    URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf

  147. 147 Since 2001, there has been little consistent gender difference in smoking among U.S. college students
    +

    Source: Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2008: Volume II, College students and adults ages 19–50 (NIH Publication No. 09-7403). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. Page 28 of actual report.
    URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol2_2008.pdf

  148. 148 69 animal and/or human carcinogens are in tobacco smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  149. 149 Every day, cows release methane gas into the air. From you know where. But methane is also found somewhere else. Yesiree, in cigarette smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: BACKGROUND INFORMATION: WHERE DOES METHANE COME FROM?
    Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program.
    URL: http://education.arm.gov/teacherslounge/background/humancauses.stm

    Source: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
    URL: http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/iso14001/bpmanual/CAirAll.htm

  150. 150 As late as 1999, tobacco companies placed in-store advertising signage at a child’s eye level.
    +

    Source: CDC, Point of Purchase Tobacco Environments and Variation by Store Type United States, 1999. MMWR 2002; 51(9): 184-187. Page 1-2.
    Category: Tobacco Marketing
    Fact Created: 11/19/2004
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5109a2.htm

  151. 151 Tobacco companies have been targeting women with their advertising for the last 80 years.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001. Chapter 4, Pages 44 and 96 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2001/complete_report/index.htm

  152. 152 Hydrogen cyanide has been used in prison executions. It’s also found in cigarette smoke.
    +

    Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 56 and 176 of 251.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Hydrogen cyanide has been used in prison executions.
    Cyanide Compounds: Hazard Summary. US Environmental Protection Agency. April 1992.
    Access Date: June 14, 2005. Page 1.
    URL: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/cyanide.html

  153. 153 There’s hydrogen cyanide in rat poison. The same stuff is in cigarette smoke.
    +

    Hydrogen cyanide is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Pages 56 and 176 of 251.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Hydrogen cyanide is in rat poison:
    Source: ATSDR. Toxicological Profile for Cyanide. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease. Page 8 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8-c5.pdf

  154. 154 Because of the tobacco industry’s products, about 353 people in the U.S. die of lung cancer every day.
    +

    Source: CDC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Tobacco Use Targeting The Nations Leading Killer. 2010. Chart
    Fact created: 7/19/2010
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2010/tobacco_2010.pdf.

    Calcuation: 128,900/365 days in a year = 353 deaths/day due to lung cancer.

  155. 155 In 1989, millions of cases of imported fruit were banned after a small amount of cyanide was found in just two grapes. There’s 33 times more cyanide in a single cigarette than was found in both of those grapes.
    +

    Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. EIU Country Report No 2 1989. February 16, 1989. Economic Policy: Interest Rates Are Kept High.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rsc80a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22

    Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. St. Louis Post Dispatch. Commentary: When Chemophobia Ruled The Land.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/llh36e00/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22

    Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. Security Forecast. April Risk Assessment: Low Throughout the Country. March 17, 1989.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/psc80a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22

    Source: American Legacy Foundation Online Tobacco Documents Database. A Year After Grape Scare, Chilean Fruit Sales Thrive. March 5, 1990.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rpw28a99/pdf?search=%22chilean%20grapes%22

    The amount of cyanide in a single filtered,* perforated cigarette = 201 micrograms.
    Source: Hoffman D, Hoffman I, El-Bayoumy, K. “The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. A Tribute to Ernst L.Wynder.” Chemical Research in Toxicology. The American Chemical Society. 2001, 14(7):767790.
    URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/tx000260u

    Math:
    1000 micrograms = 1 milligram
    201 micrograms = .2 milligrams
    x=.2/.006 (because each grape contains .003 milligrams)
    x=33.333
    The amount of cyanide in one cigarette is 33 times the amount in the two grapes.

  156. 156 Smoking can lead to cataracts, the number one cause of vision loss in the world.
    +

    Source: The Health Consequences of Smoking, A Report of the Surgeon General. Chapter 6. Pages 777 and 779.
    Access Date: October 24, 2005
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/pdfs/chapter6.pdf

  157. 157 In 1985, a tobacco industry brainstorming session came up with the idea of reaching their "younger adult smokers" in candy stores.
    + »

    Source: XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library.
    RJ Reynolds. February 26, 1985.
    Access Date: June 6, 2006
    Bates Number: 505412643/2682
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00/pdf

    Source: BRIEFING DOCUMENT FOR PROJECT XG BRAINSTORMING SESSION.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds
    February 20, 1985.
    Access Date: June 6, 2006.
    Bates Number: 504043244/3248
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dog75d00/pdf
    Bottom of the third page: reference to “next Tuesday’s meeting.”

    Source: 1985 calendar shows February 26, the date on the document below, was a Tuesday.
    URL: http://www.infoplease.com/calendar.php?year=1985&yview=1

  158. 158 Sunburns can cause wrinkles; so can cigarettes.
    +

    Source: US Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. June 2000. Chapter 3. Page 155 of 273 in PDF, or page 332 of Report.
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat5.section.7251

  159. 159 In the U.S., smoking is depicted in three-quarters of youth-rated movies, and 90% of R-rated movies.
    +

    Source: Legacy For Health. Worth, K., Tanski, S., Sargent, J. "Trends in Top Box Office Movie Tobacco Use 1996-2004." First Look Report 16. July 2006.
    URL: http://www.legacyforhealth.org/PDFPublications/FINAL_8_x_11_singles.pdf

  160. 160 Problems with self-esteem. Has menial, boring job. Emotionally insecure. Passive-aggressive. Probably leads fairly dull existence. Grooming not a strong priority. Lacks inner resources. Group conformist. Non-thinking. Not into ideas. Insecure follower. These are all terms taken from Big Tobacco’s files that have been used to describe different groups of potential customers for their deadly, addictive products.
    + »

    Problems with self-esteem
    Source: RJR; HUNTER CS. MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT. INNER CITY BLACK CREATIVE EXPLORATORY.
    MARKETING DOC. R. J. Reynolds. American Legacy Documents. January 16, 1989.
    Access Date: June 30, 2005.
    Bates Number: 507119955/9990
    Secondary Bates Number: MRD88 12121
    Page 5.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lsg28c00/pdf

    Not Into Ideas (page 1)
    Group Conformist (page 1)
    Non-thinking (page 5)
    Menial, Boring Job (page 6)
    Source: RUNNING LIST OF YA CHARACTERISTICS.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds. 1988.
    Access Date: June 14, 2005
    Document Type: REPORT
    Bates Number: 507350280/0288.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/rtl28c00/pdf
    (Pages RJR449773 & RJR449778)

    Fairly Dull Existence (page 3)
    Insecure Follower (page 12)
    Source: SMOKER PSYCHOGRAPHICS. Brown and Williamson. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. April 1981. Access Date: July 19, 2005.
    Document Type: MARKETING REPORT
    Bates Number: 549000992/1019
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kch10f00/pdf

    Passive Agressive (page 5)
    Grooming Not a Strong Priority (page 15)
    Lacks Inner Resources (page 17)
    Source: MINDSET SEGMENTS.
    R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Documents. R.J. Reynolds. January 3, 1991
    Access Date: June, 14, 2005.
    Document Type: REPORT
    Bate Number: 510320848/0876.
    Page 3/29 in PDF
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/abr28c00/pdf

  161. 161 Tobacco kills over 20 times more people than murder.
    + »

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Economic Costs—United States, 1997-2001. MMWR 2005; 54(25): 625-628. Page 1.
    Category: Death and Disease
    Fact Created: 10/19/2004
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5425a1.htm

    Source: CDC: New Report Looks at Latest Mortality Trends.
    National Vital Statistics Report: Deaths: Final Data for 2002: 53(5). September 25, 2003. Pages 30-33.
    Access Date: June 14, 2004.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr52/nvsr52_03.pdf

    Calculation:
    > 400,000 tobacco-related deaths per year/20,308 murders per year = 19.6

  162. 162 Sodium hydroxide is a caustic compound found in hair removal products. It was found in cigarettes in 1994.
    + »

    Source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
    Medical Management guidelines for Sodium Hydroxide
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg178.html

    Source: National Institutes of Health: National Library of Medicine; Specialized Information Serivces
    Household Products Database
    Brand Name: Nair 3 in 1 Brush on Cream Hair Remover
    URL: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=brands&id=3002008

    Source: 599 Additives in Cigarettes – Sodium Hydroxide
    NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: INGREDIENTS ADDED TO TOBACCO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES BY THE SIX MAJOR AMERICAN CIGARETTE COMPANIES
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Brown & Williamson Collection, April 12, 1994. Page 44 of PDF.
    Bates Number: 566936921-566936970
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pjv11c00/pdf

  163. 163 Tobacco companies’ products kill nearly 37,000 people every month. That’s more lives thrown away than there are public garbage cans in NYC.
    +

    In the U.S. 1200 people a day die from tobacco related disease (443,000 / 365 = 1213.70)

    443,000 deaths per year / 12 months per year = 36,916.6667 people per month

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.

    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

    Source: We service over 25,000 litter baskets
    City of New York – Department of Sanitation
    2009 DSNY Annual Report
    URL: http://www.nyc.gov/html/dsny/downloads/pdf/pubinfo/annual/ar2009.pdf

  164. 164 Human sweat contains urea and ammonia. Urea has also been added to cigarettes.
    +

    a. Urea is added to cigarettes.
    Covington & Burling. Summary of Data on Urea. 17 April 1986. American Tobacco Bates No. 980365694/5705.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fjk51a00/pdf. (Accessed 28 May 2010).

    b. Ammonia-forming compounds are added to cigarette tobacco.
    Source: American Chemical Society. Pankow JF, Mader BT, Isabelle LM, Luo W, Pavlick A, Liang C. “Conversion of Nicotine in Tobacco Smoke to its Volatile and Available Free-Base Form through the Action of Gaseous Ammonia.” Environmental Science & Technology. Vol 31, No. 8, 1997.
    URL: http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2784832

    c. Human sweat contains urea.
    Huang CT, Chen ML, Huang LL, Mao IF. Uric acid and urea in human sweat. The Chinese Journal of Physiology 2002; 45(3):109-15. Abstract available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12817713&dopt=Abstract.

    d. Human sweat contains ammonia
    Foster KG. Composition of the secretion from the eccrine sweat glands of the cat’s foot pad. The Journal of Physiology 1966; 184(1):106-19.
    Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1357549.

    e. Urea is added to cigarettes
    Source: INGREDIENTS ADDED TO TOBACCO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARETTES BY THE SIX MAJOR AMERICAN CIGARETTE COMPANIES
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Brown & Williamson Collection, April 12, 1994. Page 44 of PDF.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/pjv11c00/pdf

  165. 165 In 1985, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea of reaching younger adult customers in record stores.
    +

    a. XG BRAINSTORMING NYC, 2/26. 26 February 1985. RJ Reynolds. Bates No. 505412643/2682. http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/bib25d00. (Accessed 30 April 2010).

    b. Briefing Document for Project XG Brainstorming Session. 20 February 1985. RJ Reynolds. Bates No. 504043244/3248. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dog75d00. (Accessed 28 May 2010).

  166. 166 In 2006, a former Russian spy was allegedly murdered using Polonium -210. This radioactive chemical is also found in cigarette smoke, a fact at least one tobacco company was aware of in 1964.
    + »

    Source: Puffing on Polonium
    The New York Times
    December 1, 2006
    Robert N. Proctor
    URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/01/opinion/01proctor.html?ex=1166590800&en=ad9fa6ba36fdf6ab&ei=5070

    Polonium 210 is found in cigarette smoke
    Source: Presented At The Federation Of American Societies For Experimental Biology, Chicago, Illinois, April 15, 1964, Polonium-210 In Tobacco Smoke As A Tracer For Particle Deposition And Movement In Human Lungs
    Authors: Radford-EP;Little-JB;Hunt VR;Nelson-C
    Collection: American Tobacco
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/btt44f00/pdf?search=%22polonium%20210%20in%20tobacco%20smoke%20as%20a%20tracer%20for%20particle%20deposition%20movement%20in%20human%20lungs%22

    Source: Title: Exposure Of Cigarette Smokers To Polonium-210
    Bates Number: 950113512/3514
    Collection: American Tobacco
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/dib64f00/pdf

    Source: Title: Telephone Conversation, R. K. Heimann, This Date.
    Authors: Hager-JH
    Document Date: 19670609
    Document Type: Memo, Correspondence
    Bates Number: 950113515
    Collection: American Tobacco
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/eib64f00/pdf

    Source: Title: Filter Cigarettes For Removing Polonium From The Smoke, Interview With Mr. Nelson Stewart On September 23, 1964
    Authors: Pedersen-PM;American Tobacco Company
    Document Date: 19640925
    Document Type: Memo, Correspondence
    Bates Number: 950190504
    Collection: American Tobacco
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/con11a00/pdf

  167. 167 On their websites, tobacco companies encourage people to quit smoking.  However, in 2006, a court found that tobacco companies manipulate nicotine levels to keep smokers addicted.
    + »

    Big Tobacco encourages people to quit smoking.
    Source: Phillip Morris Website:
    URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/quitassist/index.asp?source=home_fca3_graphic


    Source: British American Tobacco quote:
    “Various ways have been suggested to help people quit, including using ‘nicotine replacement therapy’ (patches and gums). “
    URL: http://www.bat.com/group/sites/uk__3mnfen.nsf/vwPagesWebLive/5CEE370E53A33246C1257314004EF628?opendocument&SKN=1

    Source: American Legacy Documents Library Online. Transcript of Deposition.
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. WRITTEN EXAMINATION
    OF JEFFREY WIGAND, Ph.D. January 26, 1994.
    Page 60 of 76 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/giq07a00/pdf?search=%22jeffrey%20wigand%20january%2026%201994%22

    Source: Nicotine "Manipulation": Defendants Have Falsely Denied That They Can and Do Control the Level of Nicotine Delivered In Order to Create and Sustain Addiction
    United States District Court for the District of Columbia
    Final Opinion
    Pages 515-528 in the case. In PDF, Page 5.
    URL: http://tobaccolawcenter.org/documents/nicotine.pdf

    New filter can be used to manipulate the nicotine levels in cigarettes; Nicotine is addictive Source: Title: Implications Of Battelle Hippo I & II And The Grifffith Filter
    Person Authors: Yeaman, A.
    Document Date: 19630717
    Collection: UCSF Brown and Williamson (1995). Page 1; Page 4.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/xrc72d00/pdf

    Nicotine is addictive. Source: 1988 Surgeon General Report: The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction.
    Rockville, MD
    Page 4of 22 of PDF
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/Z/H/_/nnbbzh.pdf

  168. 168 Every day, tobacco-related disease kills about 476 women in the US.
    +

    Source: CDC. Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses--United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008;57(45):1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  169. 169 As long ago as 1969, a tobacco company executive stated that they had "taken a great many steps to avoid advertising directed to young people." Yet 10 years later, they supplied their products to be featured in The Muppet Movie.
    +

    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. American Tobacco Collection. July 22, 1969. Page: 82 of 197 in PDF.
    Document Type: Congressional Testimony, Legal
    Bates Number: 968062385/2581
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ihz24f00/pdf?search=%22968062385%202581%22

    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library.
    (Proof Cullman is a Philip Morris employee). Page 21 of PDF.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hjb63a00/pdf?search=%22philip%20morris%20glossary%20of%20names%22

    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris Collection. 1989. Pages 3 and 10 of 15 in PDF.
    Access Date: October 24, 2005
    Bates Number: 2025863645/3659
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kez74e00/pdf

    Below is a list of where smoking can be seen in The Muppet Movie.
    12:15 Cigarettes in the “El Sleezo Café”
    14:00 Cigarettes in the “El Sleezo Café”
    15:28 Cigarettes in the “El Sleezo Café”
    16:00 Cigarettes in the “El Sleezo Café”
    53:33 Ashtray on Rowlf’s piano

  170. 170 Around the 1980s, tobacco companies labeled African Americans - less educated, prefer malt liquor, have problems with their own self-esteem.
    +

    1990 (900000) NEW MARKETING IDEAS. SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS.
    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds Collection.1989. Page 19.
    Bates Number: 507203449/3471
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fgm54d00/pdf Direct Quote: "(e .g., Blacks drink malt liquor rather than beer)."

    RJR; HUNTER CS. MARKETING RESEARCH REPORT. INNER CITY BLACK CREATIVE EXPLORATORY.
    MARKETING DOC.
    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R. J. Reynolds Collection. January 16, 1989. Page 5.
    Bates Number: 507119955/9990
    Secondary Bates Number: MRD88 12121
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lsg28c00/pdf Direct Quote: "This is most likely due to the fact that these consumers do not have a lot of money as well as problems with their own self esteem which makes dating stressful."

    THE BLACK MENTHOL CIGARETTE MARKET FEBRUARY, 1979 (790200).
    Source: Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R.J. Reynolds Collection. February, 1979. Page: 24 of 77 in PDF.
    Bates Number: 500492090/2166
    Secondary Bates Number: MRD78 0118
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hik79d00/pdf Direct Quote: "On average, Blacks are not as well educated as the population at large."

  171. 171 In 1996, the tobacco industry said that drinking one to two glasses of whole milk a day was riskier than second-hand smoke.
    + »

    Source: American Legacy Online Database. Hard copies of the ads ran by Philip Morris in European publications claiming that milk, cookies and pepper ( 3 separate ads) were more dangerous than secondhand smoke. Page 1 of 6.
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu:8080/x/j/p/xjp75c00/Sxjp75c00.pdf

    Source: Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease. American Heart Association. Circulation Journal. 1996;94:596-598.
    URL: http://www.circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/94/4/596

  172. 172 In 1971, when one tobacco executive was reminded that smoking can lead to underweight babies, he said, "Some women would prefer smaller babies."
    + »

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Women and Smoking. A report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2001.
    Category: Women. Chapter 3.
    Fact Created: 10/19/2004
    URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat5.section.7251

    Source: Cullman, Joseph. Face the Nation, as broadcast over the CBS Television Network and the CBS Radio Network. 1971 January 3. 11:30am-12:00 noon.
    URL: http://tobaccodocuments.org/landman/1005081714.html

  173. 173 According to the New York Times, in 1998, one tobacco executive said, "Nobody knows what you’d turn to if you didn’t smoke. Maybe you’d beat your wife."
    +

    Source: The New York Times. “Big Tobacco's Endgame”. By Jeffrey Goldberg. Published: Sunday, June 21, 1998.
    URL: http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/21/magazine/big-tobacco-s-endgame.html?pagewanted=all

  174. 174 Benzene, arsenic and cyanide are all poisons. They’re all in cigarette smoke too.
    + »

    Benzene, Arsenic, Cyanide are in Cigarettes
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 176 of 251.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Benzene is a poison
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp3.pdf
    pg.52

    Arsenic is a poison
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.pdf
    pg. 27

    Cyanide is a poison
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp8.pdf
    pg. 21

  175. 175 In 1978, one tobacco executive said that "unhappiness causes cancer." So smile!
    +

    Source: NCI STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Philip Morris. Page 1 of 2.
    Document Date: October 6, 1978.
    Access Date: April 22, 2005
    Bates No.: 10030440078/0079
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/hye94e00

  176. 177 A tobacco executive said that smoking is only as addictive as "sugar and salt and internet access."
    +

    Source: Tobacco Control Legal Consortium. THE VERDICT IS IN: FINDINGS FROM UNITED STATES V. PHILIP MORRIS, “Addiction”, 2006. Page 7 of 12.
    URL: http://tobaccolawcenter.org/documents/addiction.pdf

  177. 178 6.3 trillion cigarettes will be produced by tobacco companies in 2010, amounting to more than 900 cigarettes for every man, woman and child in the world.
    +

    Source: Shafey, Omar; Eriksen, Michael; Ross, Hana; and Mackay, Judith. The Tobacco Atlas, Third Edition. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 32.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

  178. 179 There are 11 known human carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  179. 180 An ingredient in mothballs- naphthalene- is also found in cigarette smoke.
    + »

    Naphthalene is found in cigarettes.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Mothballs contain napthalene.
    Source: New South Wales Government Department of Health. “Naphthalene in Moth Balls and Toilet Deodorant Cakes”.
    URL: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheets/environmental/naphtalene.html

  180. 181 In the US, cigarettes kill about 50 people an hour.
    + »

    Source: CDC. Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses-- United States, 2000-2004. MMWR 2008; 57(45): 1226-8.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm

  181. 182 Urea is found in cigarettes. Urea is also found in Pee.
    +

    Pee contains urea
    Source: SUMMARY OF DATA ON UREA Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. American Tobacco. April 17, 1986. Access Date: October 10, 2004 Bates No.: 980365694/5705
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fjk51a00/pdf?search= %22980365694%205705%22

    Cigarettes contain urea
    Source: SUMMARY OF DATA ON UREA Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. American Tobacco. April 17, 1986. Access Date: October 10, 2004 Bates No.: 980365694/5705
    URL: http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fjk51a00/pdf?search= %22980365694%205705%22

  182. 183 Methanol is found in cigarettes. Methanol is also found in antifreeze.
    +

    Methanol is found in antifreeze.
    Source: Medline Plus Encyclopedia. "Antifreeze Poisoning". List of Poisonous Ingredients. Updated by Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA. 7/20/2009.
    URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002751.htm

    Methanol is found in cigarettes.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No 02-5074, October 2001. Page 161.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  183. 184 Cinnemaldyhyde is found in cigarettes. Cinnemaldehyde is also found in pet repellant.
    +

    Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 17.
    URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav

    Cinnemaldyhyde is in pet repellent
    Source: US Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticides: Regulating Pesticides. Biopesticides. Active Ingredient Index P-S.
    URL: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_040506.htm

  184. 185 Cadmium is found in cigarettes. Cadmium is also found in batteries.
    +

    Cadmium is in tobacco smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yeilds of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Cadmium is in found in batteries.
    Source: CDC. ToxFAQs™ for Cadmium.
    November 22, 2004
    Access Date: October 25, 2005
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts5.html

  185. 186 Toluene is found in cigarette smoke. Toluene is also found in gasoline.
    +

    Toluene is found in gasoline.
    Source: Medscape's eMedicine. McKeown, Nathanael J., DO. "Toxicology, Toluene". May 20, 2009.
    URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818939-overview

    Toluene is found in cigarette smoke.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  186. 187 Hydrazine is found in cigarettes. Hydrazine is also found in rocket fuel.
    +

    Rocket fuel contains hydrazine
    Source: CDC
    Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Tox FAQs
    September 1997
    Access Date: October 25, 2005
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts100.pdf

    Hydrazine is found in cigarettes.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001. Page 180 of PDF.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  187. 188 Acetone is found in cigarette smoke. Acetone also removes nail polish.
    +

    Acetone is in nail polish remover
    Source: CDC
    ToxFAQs™ for Acetone
    November 22, 2004
    Access Date: October 25, 2005
    URL: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts21.html

    Acetone is found in cigarette smoke
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yeilds of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    Category: Ingredients
    Fact Created: 11/10/2004
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

  188. 189 Geraniol is found in cigarettes. Geraniol is also found in pesticides.
    + »

    Geraniol is found in cigarettes.
    Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 17.
    URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav

    Geraniol is found in pesticides.
    Source: Citation: Kegley, S.E., Hill, B.R., Orme S., Choi A.H., PAN Pesticide Database, Pesticide Action Network, North America (San Francisco, CA, 2008).
    URL: http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33336

  189. 190 Formaldehyde is found in cigarette smoke. Formaldehyde preserves the dead.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: CDC Controlling Formaldehyde Exposures During Embalming
    February 25, 1999
    Access Date: October 25, 2005
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hc26.html

  190. 191 Toluene is found in cigarette smoke. Toluene is also found in explosives.
    +

    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Source: US Environmental Protection Agency. "Explosives". TNT Production. Organic Chemical Process Industry. Page 1 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch06/final/c06s03.pdf

  191. 192 Acetanisole is found in cigarettes. Acetanisole is also an ingredient in some perfumes.
    +

    Acetanisole is found in cigarettes.
    Source: Philip Morris USA Online. Products. Tobacco Flavor and Ingredients. Alphabetical List, No. 1.
    URL: http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Tobacco_Flavor_Ingredients/default.aspx?src=top_nav

    Acetanisole is found in perfumes.
    Source: US Environmental Protection Agency. Inert (other) Ingredients in Pesticide Products. FMA Fragrance Ingredient Database . April 16, 2007. Page 14 of 45 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/inerts/fmaingredient.pdf

  192. 193 Acetic Acid is found in cigarettes. Acetic Acid is also found in floor wipes.
    +

    Acetic acid is found in cigarettes.
    Source: NCI. Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Measured Yields of Tar and Nicotine. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, NIH Pub. No. 02-5074, October 2001.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/13/m13_complete.pdf

    Acetic acid is found in floor wipes.
    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Household Products Database.
    URL: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/household/brands?tbl=brands&id=19001095

  193. 194 Each year, about 5 million people around the world die from tobacco products.
    +

    Source: World Health Organization website. (2005) "Why is tobacco a public health priority?"
    URL: http://www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/

  194. 195 In 1988, one tobacco company brainstormed the idea of a colored cigarette to "enhance wardrobe."
    +

    Source: ATTACHMENT #1. FLAVOR DIVISION PLANNING MEETING MARCH 25, 1988. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. R. J. Reynolds. March 25, 1988. (Attachment #1 gives reference to the actual source of the document below.)
    Access Date: June 6, 2006
    Bates No: 511435201
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/fzv43d00/pdf

    Source: ATTACHMENT #2. NEW PRODUCT IDEAS.
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library.
    RJ Reynolds. 1988
    Access Date: June 6, 2006
    Bates Number: 506389501/9504
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/gne74d00/pdf

  195. 196 In 2008, 3.5% of 8th graders, 5.0% of 10th graders, and 6.5% of 12th graders were frequent users of smokeless tobacco.
    +

    Source: Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2009). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2008: Volume I, Secondary school students (NIH Publication No. 09-7402). Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institute on Drug Abuse. NIH Publication No. 09-7402. Printed September 2009 Table 2.3. Page 57 of report; page 92 of PDF.
    URL: http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol1_2008.pdf

  196. 197 Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette smokers.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, 1986. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NIH Pub. No. 86-2874. Page 17 of 22.
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/F/T/_/nnbcft.pdf

  197. 198 Smokeless tobacco use is higher among males (6.2%) than females (.4%) for people aged 12 or older.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Table 2: “Percentages of Persons Aged 12 or Older Using Smokeless Tobacco in the Past Month, by Demographic and Geographic Characteristics: 2002 to 2007”.
    URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm

  198. 199 Among males aged 12 to 17, smokeless tobacco use has increased significantly—from 3.4 percent in 2002 to 4.4 percent in 2007.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Figure 1.
    URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm

  199. 200 In 2005, the vast majority of secondary school students who used smokeless tobacco users were male.
    +

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2005. Current Smokeless Tobacco Use section. CDC Surveillance Summaries 2005;55(SS05):1–108. Table 26.
    URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5505a1.htm#tab26

  200. 201 2.2% of youths aged 12 to 17 started using smokeless tobacco in the past 12 months. 1.8% of young adults aged 18 to 25 and 0.1% of adults aged 26 or older began using smokeless tobacco during the same timeframe.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Use, by Demographic Characteristics.
    URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm

  201. 202 In 2007, among adults aged 26 or older, 3% had used smokeless tobacco in the past month. Among youths aged 12 to 17, the rate was 2.2%, and among young adults aged 18 to 25, the rate was 5% percent.
    +

    Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (February 19, 2009). The NSDUH Report: Smokeless Tobacco Use, Initiation, and Relationship to Cigarette Smoking: 2002 to 2007. Rockville, MD. Table 2: “Percentages of Persons Aged 12 or Older Using Smokeless Tobacco in the Past Month, by Demographic and Geographic Characteristics: 2002 to 2007”.
    URL: http://oas.samhsa.gov/2k9/smokelessTobacco/smokelessTobacco.htm

  202. 203 Smokeless tobacco use among men declined between 1987 and 2000. The largest declines were among those aged 18 to 24 years, people 65 years and older, African-Americans, residents of the South, and persons in more rural areas.
    +

    Source: American Public Health Association. “Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States.” American Journal of Public Health 2006. AM J Public Health. 2006. May 96(5). 897-905. David E. Nelson, MD, MPH, Paul Mowery, MS., Scott Tomar, DMD, Dr. PH, Stephen Marcus, PhD., Gary Giovino, PhD, and Luhua Zhao, MS. In Abstract.
    URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1470594

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing Tobacco Use: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2000. Page 69 of 463.
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/L/Q/_/nnbblq.pdf

  203. 204 Revenues from smokeless tobacco sales totaled $2.59 billion in 2006.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 2 of PDF; page 1 of report.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf

  204. 205 The five major smokeless manufacturers spent a total of $354.1 million on advertising and promotion in 2006, an increase from the $250.8 million spent in 2005.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 3 of PDF; page 2 of report.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf

  205. 206 In 2006, smokeless tobacco companies reported spending $203.7 million on price discounts (payments made to smokeless tobacco retailers or wholesalers in order to reduce the price of smokeless tobacco to consumers).
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 3 of PDF; page 2 of report.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf

  206. 207 77.44 million pounds of moist snuff were sold in 2006--more than the combined sales of all of the other types of smokeless tobacco. Moist snuff also continued to receive the most advertising and promotional support from smokeless tobacco companies.
    +

    Source: Federal Trade Commission. Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2006. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2009. Page 8 of PDF; page 7 of report.
    URL: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf

  207. 208 Smokeless tobacco is addictive.
    +

    Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, 1986. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. NIH Pub. No. 86-2874. Accessed: December 2006.
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/F/C/.

  208. 209 Smokeless tobacco use causes oral cancer, lesions, and gum recession.
    +

    Source: American Public Health Association. “Trends in Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adults and Adolescents in the United States.” American Journal of Public Health 2006. AM J Public Health. 2006. May 96(5). 897-905. David E. Nelson, MD, MPH, Paul Mowery, MS., Scott Tomar, DMD, Dr. PH, Stephen Marcus, PhD., Gary Giovino, PhD, and Luhua Zhao, MS. In Abstract.
    URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1470594

  209. 210 Smokeless tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer.
    +

    Source: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Summaries and Evaluations Tobacco Products, Smokeless (Group 1); February 1998.
    URL: http://www.inchem.org/documents/iarc/suppl7/tobaccosmokeless.html

  210. 211 Long-term smokeless tobacco users may be up to fifty times more likely to have cancers of the cheek and gum than non-users.
    +

    Source: American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2009. Page 48.
    URL: http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/pdf/Us_Cancer_Facts.pdf

  211. 212 Using smokeless tobacco is also associated with gum recession, dental caries, and dental staining and abrasion.
    +

    Source: “Youth and Tobacco: Preventing Tobacco Use among Young People.” A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, D.C., 20402. 1995. Page 33 of 219.
    URL: http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/C/L/Q/_/nnbclq.pdf

  212. 213 Because nicotine from smokeless tobacco is absorbed through the mouth, it takes longer to produce an effect than if it were absorbed through the lungs. But using cigarettes and smokeless tobacco really do result in the same amount of nicotine intake.
    +

    Source: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Hatsukami, D. K., and Severson, Herbert H. "Oral spit tobacco: addiction, prevention, and treatment." March 1, 1999. 1: 21-44. Page 4 of PDF; page 24 of report.

    Source: The American Journal of Medical Sciences. Severson, Herbert H. PhD. "What Have We Learned From 20 Years of Research on Smokeless Tobacco Cessation?" Tobacco Update: Scientific Advances, Clinical Perspectives. October 2003. Volume 326, Issue 4: pp 206-211. Abstract.
    URL: http://journals.lww.com/amjmedsci/Abstract/2003/10000/What_Have_We_Learned_from_20_Years_of_Research_on.11.aspx

  213. 214 An average of 4.5mg of nicotine is absorbed from 7.9g of chewing tobacco and an average of 3.6mg of nicotine is absorbed from 2.5g moist snuff.
    +

    Source: National Cancer Institute. Cancer Control and Population Sciences. Tobacco Control Research. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monographs: Monograph 2: Smokeless Tobacco or Health: An International Perspective. “Pharmacology of Smokeless Tobacco Use: Nicotine Addiction and Nicotine–Related Health Consequences. Chapter 4.” Neal L. Benowitz. Page 3 of 28.
    URL: http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TCRB/monographs/2/m2_4.pdf

  214. 215 One tobacco company brainstormed reaching its target consumer from ice cream trucks.
    +

    Source: OTHER WAYS TO REACH THE TARGET
    Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. RJ Reynolds. October 2, 1989. Page 1 of 18.
    Access Date: September 15, 2004
    Bates No.: 507176999-507177016
    URL: http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/iuh28c00/pdf;jsessionid= ADB9F1223D7FBE241F08AEBF727C6111

  215. 217 In 2010, tobacco will kill 6 million people worldwide.
    +

    Source: McKay, J and Eriksen M. The Tobacco Atlas. American Cancer Society, 2009. Page 38 of PDF.
    URL: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/downloads/TobaccoAtlas.pdf

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